一、混淆定語從句與并列句

請看下面兩題：

(1) He has two children, and both of _____ are abroad.

A. them B. which C. whom D. who

(2) He has two children, both of _____ are abroad.

A. them B. which C. whom D. who

【分析】第(1)題選A，第(2)題選C。由于第(1)題中用了并列連詞and，從而使整個句子為并列句，and後應是一個獨立的簡單句，所以選A不選C；第(2)題沒有并列連詞and，both of whom are abroad為非限制性定語從句。

二、混淆定語從句與表語(從句)

請看下面的試題：

(1) Your coat is still _____ you left it.

A. where B. there C. there where D. the place where

【分析】答案選A，where引導的是表語從句(=在…的地方)，而不是定語從句。

(2) Is this school _____ your father worked in ten years ago?

A. where B. what C. that D. the one

【分析】答案選D，this school為句子主語，the one 為表語，your father worked in…為定語從句。不要誤認為this是句子主語，否則school前應加冠詞the。比較：

Is this the school _____ your father worked in ten years ago?

A. where B. what C. that D. the one (選C)

Is this the school _____ your father worked ten years ago?

A. where B. what C. that D. the one (選A)

三、混淆定語從句與狀語從句

請看下面的試題：

(1) I went upstairs ______I heard some crying.

A. where B. when C. that D. which

【分析】答案是B而不是A，when的意思是“當…的時候”，引導的是時間狀語從句。(upstairs為副詞，不宜用作先行詞)

(2) He is _____ a clever boy _____ we all like.

A. such, that B. such, as C. so, that D. so, as

【分析】答案應選B，而不是A。such … that …(如此…以緻…)用于引導結果狀語從句，其中的that不充當句子成分，而such…as…中的as為關系代詞，用以引導定語從句并在定語從句充當句子成分。上句中第二空之所以選as，是因為它用作動詞like賓語。

四、誤加與關系代詞同義的人稱代詞

誤：He is a man everyone respects him.

正：He is a man everyone respects. 他是一個人人都敬重的人。

五、混淆關系代詞與關系副詞

有的同學一看到先行詞是表示時間、地點、原因的名詞，就認為一定要用關系副詞，其實也一定。在此情況下，還要看關系詞在定語從句中是用作什麼成分，若是用作狀語，則用關系副詞，若不是用作狀語(如用作主語、賓語等)則不能用關系副詞，而用關系代詞。比較：

This is the factory where I want to work. 這就是我想工作的工廠。(work為不及物動詞where在從句中用作狀語)

This is the factory that I want to visit. 這就是我想參觀的工廠。(visit為及物動詞，that用作visit的賓語)

The reason why he can’t come is that he is ill. 他沒來的是因為他病了。(come為不及物動詞，why在定語從句中用作狀語)

The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。(put forth為及物動詞，that在定語從句中用作其賓語)

六、因逗号誤判which

有的同學一看見逗号，就以為一定要選which而不選that，但問題是有時根本就不是定語從句：

(1) If a book is in English, _____ means slow progress for you.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

(2) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating. (D19/541)

A. as B. which C. what D. that

【分析】以上兩題均應選that，而不能選which，因為它們根本不是定語從句。之所以選that，是因為句中已有if和when引導的狀語從句，逗号後為主句，that為主句主語。

七、混淆which與whose

兩者在定語從句中都可用作定語，區别是：whose 的意思相當于 one's，而 which 的意思則相當于 that 或 this。比較：

(1) This is Mary, whose [= and her] father we met last week.

(2) Call again at 11, by which time [= and by that time] the meeting should be over.

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