SPSS統計分析（六）頻率分析

SPSS Statistical Analysis (6) Frequency Analysis

所謂頻率，即是一個變量在各個變量的取值的個案數，分析時不用考慮變量的具體取值，隻需要了解變量在總體中出現的次數。

基本統計分析往往是從頻率分析開始的。通過頻率分析可以快速了解變量取值的狀況，把握數據的分布特征。

The so-called frequency is the number of cases in which a variable has the value of each variable. The analysis does not need to consider the specific value of the variable, but only needs to know the number of times the variable appears in the population.

Basic statistical analysis often begins with frequency analysis. Through frequency analysis, you can quickly understand the status of variable values and grasp the distribution characteristics of data.

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一般地，經過頻率分析可以得到以下結果：

（1） 頻率分布表：表中包含頻率，各頻率占總樣本的百分比、有效百分比。

（2） 統計圖：用統計圖展示變量的取值狀況，頻率分析中提供的統計圖形可以是條形圖

Generally, the following results can be obtained after frequency analysis:

(1) Frequency distribution table: The table contains frequencies, the percentage of each frequency in the total sample, and the effective percentage.

(2) Statistical chart: Use a statistical chart to display the value status of variables. The statistical graphics provided in the frequency analysis can be a bar chart.

如圖所示的SPSS數據文件中包含兩個變量，其分别是“收入”和“教育”。我們打開選擇菜單，按照“分析->描述統計->頻率”的步驟進行設置。點擊“統計”按鈕，出現“頻率：統計”對話框，如圖所示進行設置。

The SPSS data file shown in the figure contains two variables, which are "income" and "education". We open the selection menu and follow the steps of "Analyze -> Descriptive Statistics -> Frequency" to set it up. Click the "Statistics" button, the "Frequency: Statistics" dialog box will appear, set as shown in the figure.

相同的步驟，分别打開“頻率：圖表”對話框和“頻率：格式”對話框進行一系列的設置。

In the same steps, open the "Frequency: Chart" dialog box and the "Frequency: Format" dialog box to perform a series of settings.

運行結果如下：

The results are as follows:

（1）

表是兩個變量的變量值的基本信息：包括有效的個案數、缺失值個數、衆數、百分位數。由于在“格式”設置中選擇了“比較變量”，所以“教育”和“收入”兩個變量的統計結果顯示在同一張表中。

The table is the basic information of the variable values of two variables: including the number of valid cases, the number of missing values, the mode, and the percentile. The statistics for the two variables, Education and Income, are displayed in the same table because of Comparison Variables selected in the Format settings.

（2）

表為兩個變量的頻率分布表，即每一個變量的頻率、百分比、有效百分比、累計百分比等結果。

The table is the frequency distribution table of two variables, that is, the frequency, percentage, effective percentage, cumulative percentage and other results of each variable.

（3）

下面的兩幅圖是兩個變量的直方圖，從圖上看，受訪者受教育程度同正态分布相比右偏，受訪者家庭收入的分布左偏，都不具有明顯的正态分布。

The following two graphs are histograms of the two variables. From the graphs, the educational attainment of the respondents is skewed to the right compared with the normal distribution, and the distribution of household income of the respondents is skewed to the left. normal distribution.

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參考資料：百度百科，《SPSS 23統計分析實用教程》

翻譯：谷歌翻譯

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