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　　今天小編為大家帶來今日分享（十六），歡迎您的訪問！

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　　Dear you, this is The LearningYard Academy.

　　Today Xiaobian brings you todays sharing (eleven), welcome your visit!

　　靜電場

　　電荷的量子化：任何帶電體所帶電量是最小電量單元的整數倍q=±ne，(n=1、2、3......)

　　Quantization of charge: The amount of Electricity carried by any charged body is an integer multiple of the minimum charge unit q= ±ne, (n = 1, 2, 3......)

　　電荷守恒定律：在與外界沒有電荷交換的系統内，無論進行怎樣的過程，系統内正負電荷量的代數和保持不變

　　Law of Conservation of Charge: In a system without charge exchange with the outside world, the algebraic sum of the positive and negative charge amounts in the system remains constant regardless of the process

　　庫侖定律：隻适用于真空中的點電荷

　　Coulombs law: Applies only to point charges in a vacuum

　　電場基本性質：

　　1、電場對放入電場中的任何電荷都有作用力

　　2、電場力對電場中移動的電荷做功

　　Basic properties of electric fields:

　　1. The electric field has a force on any charge put into the electric field

　　2. The electric field force works on the electric charge moving in the electric field

　　電場強度：描述電場的強弱和方向。把一個試探電荷放入電場，判斷電荷所受的電場力，電場力與電荷電量的比值。大小等于單位電荷在該點的受力大小，方向為正電荷在該點受力的方向

　　E=F/q

　　Electric Field Strength: Describes the strength and direction of the electric field. Put a tentative charge into the electric field and determine the electric field force to which the charge is subjected, and the ratio of the electric field force to the charge charge. The size is equal to the magnitude of the force per unit charge at that point, and the direction is the direction in which the positive charge is forced at that point

　　E=F/q

　　場強疊加原理（Principle of field strength superposition）：

　　電場強度通量（Electric field strength flux）：

　　高斯定理：可計算具有對稱性的電場的電場強度

　　Gausss theorem: The electric field intensity of an electric field with symmetry can be calculated

　　電勢能：反應的是一個電荷與電場共同組成的系統的性質

　　W=∫qEdl

　　Electric Potential Energy: It reflects the properties of a system of charge and electric field

　　W=∫qEdl

　　電勢：反映電場本身的性質，與電荷無關，所以表達式裡無q.

　　V=∫Edl

　　Potential: Reflects the properties of the electric field itself and has nothing to do with the charge, so there is no q in the expression.

　　V=∫Edl

　　靜電場中的導體和電解質

　　自由電子：導體内可自由移動的電子

　　Free electrons: Freely movable electrons in the conductor

　　靜電平衡：導體上沒有電荷作宏觀定向運動的狀态

　　Electrostatic equilibrium: there is no charge on the conductor for macroscopic directional motion

　　靜電平衡條件：導體内場強處處為0

　　Electrostatic equilibrium conditions: the conductors internal field strength is 0 everywhere

　　電介質的極化：外電場作用下，電介質顯示電性的現象。一般情形下，未經電場作用的電介質内部的正負束縛電荷平均說來處處抵消，宏觀上并不顯示電性。

　　Polarization of the dielectric: Under the action of the external electric field, the dielectric shows the phenomenon of electrical properties. In general, the positive and negative bound charges inside the dielectric without the action of the electric field are offset on average, and the macroscopic level does not show electrical properties.

　　極化：在外電場的作用下，束縛電荷的局部移動導緻宏觀上顯示出電性，在電介質的表面和内部不均勻的地方出現電荷，出現的電荷稱為極化電荷。充滿電介質的電容器比真空電容器的電容大就是由于電介質的極化作用。

　　Polarization: Under the action of the external electric field, the local movement of the bound charge causes the macroscopic display of electricity, and the charge appears on the surface and internal unevenness of the dielectric, and the charge that appears is called the polarized charge. The larger capacitance of a dielectric-filled capacitor than a vacuum capacitor is due to the polarization of the dielectric.

　　電位移矢量：是一個用以描述電場的輔助物理量，用符号D表示。

　　Electric displacement vector: is an auxiliary physical quantity used to describe the electric field, denoted by the symbol D.

　　定義式為：D=ε0E P

　　The definition is: D=ε0E P

　　電容器的電容：C=Q/U

　　The capacitance of the capacitor: C=Q/U

　　電場的能量：是電場所具有的能量，等于電場能量密度對電場所處空間的積分。

　　The energy of the electric field: it is the energy of the electric field, which is equal to the integral of the energy density of the electric field to the space at the electric field.

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