聯邦雅思今天帶大家了解下同位語。

同位語的作用就是對一個名詞、短語或者句子進行補充說明或者解釋，同位語和修飾的事物是同等關系的。

［1］同位語從句。用一個句子來對前面的名詞進行補充說明，同位語從句前面不需要加上逗号，而且that是不能夠省略的。

Education systems are based on the belief that all children can effectively be taught to acquire different skills, including those associated with sport, art or music.

［同位語是that all children can effectively be taught to acquire different skills, including those associated with sport, art or music，先行詞是the belief。］

這種類型的同位語從句很容易認，就是從句前面的先行詞通常是一個概括性的抽象名詞，如：answer, appeal, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, fact, idea, message, news, promise, proposal, question, remark, reply, report, saying, statement, thought, understanding, truth等朋友。

［2］whether引導同位語從句，我們在文章第一段的話題引入句也經常用到：

It is a subject of discussion whether private financing should be accepted by the government to a larger extent and even the state can concede its control over national sports teams to private ownership.

［上文提到的主語從句和賓語從句都有whether這位小夥子的身影哦，要好好區分這三種句型裡面whether的不同用法］

［3］名詞充當同位語，一般來說，這種情況同位語和先行詞的關系比較松散，所以中間都應該使用逗号分開，表示停頓。

a. The flourishing of different cultures contributes to the establishment of a multi-cultural environment, a prerequisite for attracting skilled workforce from all over the world to settle.

［a prerequisite for attracting skilled workforce from all over the world to settle.是 the establishment of a multi-cultural environment的同位語，前面要加上逗号］

b. Many stress-related diseases are attributed to the increasingly fierce competition in society, a result of technological development.

［a result of technological development是the increasingly fierce competition in society的同位語］

［4］for example，including，namely，particularly，especially等引導的同位語。這些句型相信基本上大家都會使用的，不過很多人用了卻沒有意識到其實你是在使用同位語。

a. It is also one of the reasons why people react dissimilarly to troubles or bad luck, for example, accidents, conflicts, divorce, and so forth.

[accidents, conflicts, divorce, and so forth.是前面的troubles和bad luck的同位語］

b. It will pose a threat on the welfare of the audience, especially that of children.

［that of children是 the welfare of the audience的同位語］

［5］［that引導的同位語從句］和［that引導的定語從句］的區别：

一位學生寫的句子：

However, it does not mean that other subjects are unimportant or useless that should not be learnt by students.

一眼看上去好像并沒有什麼錯誤，還蠻通順的，你是不是也寫過這樣的句子？

但是再緻讀一下，就會發現有什麼不對的地方了。

（1）other subjects are unimportant or useless和other subjects should not be learnt by students.其實是因果關系，“那些科目不重要，所以（人們）不需要學習。“

那麼問題來了，這個是that引導定語從句嗎？可是我們的定語從句是可以表達因果關系的嗎？不可以呀，因為我們的定語從句是用來對先行詞進行修飾或者限定的，并沒有體現因果關系的功能的，所以這裡是不能使用that來引導從句。

(2)那麼這個是同位語從句嗎？that是跟在兩個形容詞後面的，可是我們剛剛說了同位語要跟在一個名詞後面的呀，那這樣that引導的就不是一個同位語從句了。

這樣一分析下來，that should not be learnt by students.這個從句就名不正，言不順，連小三都說不上了。

那麼這個句子我們可以這樣改：

1. It does not mean that other subjects are so unimportant or useless that they should not be learnt by students.［so that是從屬連接詞，來連接前後兩個有因果關系的句子］

2. It does not mean that other subjects that are unimportant or useless should not be learnt by students.［that引導限制性定語從句，修飾前面的other subjects］

3. It does not mean that other subjects are so unimportant or useless, so they should not be learnt by students.［寫法跟第一句一樣，都是so來連接兩個句子］

4. It does not mean that other subjects, unimportant or useless, should not be learnt by students.［ unimportant or useless是形容詞充當同位語，補充說明前面的other subjects是怎麼樣的］

5. It does not mean that other subjects are unimportant or useless and students do not need to learn them. ［用and這個對等連接詞來把兩個完整的句子連接起來］

這樣改了是不是覺得會更加通順呢？

下面再用一個例句來說明一下定語從句和同位語從句的區别：

a. Mandy doesn’t like the idea that everyone should work overtime today.

[此句的 that 子句是同位語從句，that後面接一完整句子，等同于 the idea。]

b. Mandy doesn’t like the idea that / which was discussed in the meeting..

［此句的 that 子句是定語從句， that代替 the idea 在從中當主語，因此後面不接一完整句子，並可用 which 代替。］

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