I. 要點1、介詞和種類
(1) 簡單介詞,常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
(2) 複合介詞,如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
2、介詞和其他詞類的習慣搭配關系(1) 和動詞的搭配,如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
(2) 和形容詞的搭配,如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at
(3) 和名詞的搭配,如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.
3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語,這種修飾語通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少數幾個副詞。如:He came right after dinner.
He lives directly opposite the school.
4、 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例(1) at, on, in(表時間)表示時間點用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等;表示不确定的時間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。
指長于或短于一天的時段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
(2) between, among(表位置)between僅用于二者之間,但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關系時,也用between, 如
I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
The village lies between three hills.
among用于三者或三者以上之間。如:
He is the best among the students.
(3) beside, besidesbeside意為"在…旁邊",
besides意為"除…之外"。如:
He sat beside me.
What do you want besides this?
(4)in the tree, on the treein the tree 指動物或人在樹上
on the tree 指果實、樹葉長在樹上
(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this wayon the way 指在路上
in the way 指擋道
by the way 指順便問一句
in this way 用這樣的方法
(6)in the corner, at the cornerin the corner 指在拐角内
at the corner 指在拐角外
(7)in the morning, on the morningin the morning 是一般說法
on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
(8)by bus, on the busby bus 是一般說法
on the bus 特指乘某一輛.
II. 例題例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?
A except B but C beside D besides
解析:A、B兩項except等于but,意為"除了…",C-beside意為"在…旁邊",不符合題意。而D-besides, 意為"除了…之外,還有"。所以該題正确答案為D。該題意為:除了英語外,你還知道别的語言嗎?
例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
A on B at C in D during
解析:我們均知道,at night這一短語,但如果night前有修飾詞,表具體的夜晚,則要用介詞on來修飾,故該題正确答案為A。
例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.
A to B in C at D on
解析:該題正确答案為A。look forward to 為固定搭配,意為"期望、盼望"。
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