快遞物流的基本知識

Basic knowledge of express logistics

快遞又稱速遞，是指按照發件人要求，在适當

短的期限内，保證快件優質、高效、快速地從發件人運送到收件人的門到門服務。

Express delivery, also known as express delivery, refers to the Within the period of time, the door-to-door Service that guarantees the high-quality, efficient and fast delivery of the express from the sender to the recipient.

Part1

快遞的分類

根據寄遞距離的遠近及是否跨國境，快遞可分為國際快遞、國内快遞、同城快遞。國際快遞是指在國家與國家(或地區)之間以最快的速度傳遞信函、商業文件及物品的遞送業務。國内快遞是指在本國境内各城市之間以最快速度傳遞信函、商業文件及物品的遞送業務。同城快遞是指在同一個城市内以最快速度傳遞信函、商業文件及物品的遞送業務。根據托寄物内容的性質，快遞可劃分為信函類、商業文件類、包裹類三種。信函主要指具有個人現時通信内容的文件。根據《中華人民共和國郵政法》的規定，所有信的類歸屬郵政專營的範圍，私人及快遞公司不允許經營。

商業文件包括商業合同、工程圖紙、照片、照相複印品、金融票據、有價證券(不包括各國貨币和無記名支票)、證書、單據、報表及手稿文件等全部以印刷方式印制、複制的各種紙制制品。包裹指托寄物為所有适合于寄遞的貨物樣品、饋贈禮品及其他物品等。 根據快遞的服務形式，快遞可劃分為門(桌)到機場、門(桌)到門(桌)、專差三種。門(桌)到機場的快遞服務是指寄件人電話通知快遞公司，快遞公司接到下單通知後上門取件，然後将所收到的快件集中到一一起，根據其目的地分揀、 整理、制單、報關後發往世界各地。到達目的地後，由快遞公司通知收件人自己去機場辦理通關手續并提取貨物。采用這種方式的多是目的地海關當局有特殊規定的貨物或物品。

According to the distance of delivery and whether it is cross-border, express delivery can be divided into international express delivery, domestic express delivery, and intra-city express delivery. International express delivery refers to the delivery of letters, commercial documents and articles between countries (or regions) at the fastest speed. Domestic express delivery refers to the fastest delivery of letters, commercial documents and articles between cities in the country. Intra-city express refers to the delivery business that delivers letters, commercial documents and articles within the same city at the fastest speed.

According to the nature of the contents of the consignment, express delivery can be divided into three types: letter, business document, and parcel. Letters mainly refer to documents with personal current communication content. According to the "Postal Law of the People's Republic of China", all types of letters belong to the scope of postal franchise, and private and express companies are not allowed to operate. Commercial documents include commercial contracts, engineering drawings, photos, photographic copies, financial bills, securities (excluding currencies and bearer checks), certificates, receipts, statements, manuscript documents, etc., all printed and reproduced in printing. Kind of paper products. Parcels refer to all goods samples, gifts and other items that are suitable for delivery.

According to the form of express service, express delivery can be divided into three types: door (table) to airport, door (table) to door (table), and special post.

The express service from door (table) to the airport means that the sender calls the courier company, and the courier company picks up the parcel after receiving the order notification, and then gathers the received express parcels together and sorts them according to their destinations. After sorting, preparing the bills, and customs declaration, it will be sent to all parts of the world. After arriving at the destination, the courier company informs the recipient to go to the airport to go through customs procedures and pick up the goods. This method is mostly used for goods or articles for which the destination customs authority has special regulations.

Part2

快遞物流的基本性質

一、服務性

從本質上說，快遞服務隻是實現物品的空間位置轉移，并不生産新的産品，因此服務性是其基本特征之一。

快遞服務包含服務廣度、服務深度及服務舒适度。

服務廣度。是指快遞服務的業務種類及其滿足用戶需求的程度。業務種類越多，服務廣度就越大。反之，服務廣度就越窄。

服務深度是指為用戶提供快遞服務的完全程度和便利程度。

服務舒适度是指以員工服務态度、服務質量和工作效率為核心，用戶在使用過程中心理感受的優劣程度。

Serviceability

In essence, express delivery service only realizes the spatial position transfer of goods, and does not produce new products.Product, so service is one of its basic characteristics.Express service includes service breadth, service depth and service comfort.Breadth of service. Refers to the type of express service business and the extent to which it meets the needs of users. The more types of business, the greater the breadth of services. On the contrary, the service breadth is narrower.Service depth refers to the completeness and convenience of express delivery services for users.Service comfort refers to the degree of psychological feelings of users in the process of using employees with their service attitude, service quality and work efficiency as the core.

網絡性及規模經濟性

快遞的網絡性表現在兩方面:一方面，快遞服務主要依靠各種交通工具（如飛機、火車、汽車、船舶等）組成的物理網絡實現，同時快遞網絡的建立具有實物網絡的明确指向性，在網絡局部擁塞或利用不足的情況下，各線路實物流交叉調度的靈活性及可實現性差，所以郵運網絡各線路上的實物流量都有規模經濟性的要求，另一方面，快遞服務的全過程必須要在由不同企業合作的全國(或全球)範圍内完成(或同一企業在不同區域之間合作完成)。

Networking and economies of scale

The network of express delivery is manifested in two aspects: On the one hand, express delivery services mainly rely on a physical network composed of various means of transportation (such as airplanes, trains, cars, ships, etc.). At the same time, the establishment of express delivery networks has a clear direction of physical networks. In the case of partial network congestion or underutilization, the flexibility and feasibility of cross-dispatching of physical logistics on each line are poor, so the physical traffic on each line of the postal network has the requirement of economies of scale. On the other hand, the express service The whole process must be completed on a national (or global) scale where different companies cooperate (or the same company cooperates between different regions).

時效性。

時效性是信息、物品類傳遞服務的基本要求。快遞的時效性突出表現在提下，傳遞速度是最重要的反映快遞服務質量的核心要素。

Timeliness.

Timeliness is the basic requirement of information and goods delivery services. The timeliness of express delivery is prominently improved, and delivery speed is the most important core element reflecting the quality of express delivery services.

參考資料：文字：節選《電子商務與快遞物流》；圖片：百度；翻譯：谷歌翻譯.

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