Metaphor 暗喻

It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two different elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated, without using verbal signals such as “like” or “as”. In order to emphasize meaning, metaphors provide a more visual description of the word or phrase being used, often used to indicate the author’s certain implication or attitude.

暗喻與明喻非常類似，也是講具有某個共同特征的兩個不同事物聯系在一起，但是不用as，as…as，as if，like，seem等的比喻詞。

與明喻相似，隐喻能把描述的對象更形象的呈現給讀者。因為不使用比喻詞，所以通常我們會更加關注與隐喻背後的引申義（implied meaning），而不是僅僅是它的字面義(literal meaning)。請看以下例子：

• Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

• Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

• The sunshine of happiness is made up of very little beams.

• Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned.

請在實戰片段中檢測自己的實力：

A last-minute compromise between state legislative leaders and Gov. Jerry Brown has cleared the way for a bill that would significantly increase the minimum wage in California over the next 2 1/2 years. Not surprisingly, the California Chamber of Commerce called it a "job killer." The chamber is probably right about that to a degree; some employers will eliminate jobs, reduce hours or expand their payrolls more slowly as a consequence of the higher entry-level wage. But the measure will bring much-needed relief to thousands of Californians struggling to get by on the minimum wage today, as well as help the businesses where they'll spend their extra dollars. Because the gains clearly offset the costs, Brown should sign the bill into law.

（節選自Patrick T. Fallon，“Raise the Minimum Wage”）

作者呼籲人們重視最低收入人群，提高社會最低工資标準。然而加利福尼亞州商會把這個政策比作是“工作殺手”，商會這麼說也不無道理，這樣的政策确實可能會導緻部分雇主裁員，減少工時等消極舉措。文章在開篇就點出這項政策實施所收到的阻力，下文用充足的證據表明提高最低工資是民衆生活所需，國家經濟所需，好處遠比壞處多。

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