集合名詞指的是用來指代由多個實體組成的一個集合的名詞。比如說:the crowd(人群), my family(我的家人們)。
那麼像這樣由一個集體指代多個實體的名詞,謂語要使用單數還是複數呢?
RULE NO.1
一般來講,美式英語習慣将集合名詞當做單數,英式英語習慣将集合名詞作為複數。
RULE NO.2
當集體名詞更強調一個整體的時候,謂語使用單數。當集體名詞強調的是集體中的多個個體的時候,謂語使用複數。例:
His family is big. 他家是個大家庭。(強調的是“他家”這個集體)
His family are all waiting for him. 他的一家人都在等他。(強調的是“他的每個家人”多個個體)
RULE NO.3
一些集體名詞絕大部分情況下都是複數形式,如:police、people、cattle,例:
The police are coming.
Who are these people?
The cattle are fed on barley.
主語為Either/ Neither
主語為Either/ Neither, 或包含and, either or/ neither nor。
(1) 使用and連接,主語一定指的是兩個及以上的主體,謂語一般使用複數。
Cheese and tomato are delicious on the bread.
My friends and I are playing soccer.
(2) 使用Either/ Neither,主語雖然指的是多個事物,但意義上卻是分别指代單個事物,謂語一般使用單數。
Neither is willing to give up. (=He is not willing to give up, and she is not willing to give up. )
Either is good enough. (=This is good enough, and that is good enough.)
(3) 使用Either or/ Neither nor,采取就近原則,謂語距離哪個名詞近,形式就随這個名詞變化。
Neither John nor his sisters were at school today.
Neither John's sisters nor John was at school today.
主語和謂語間被介詞、介詞短語隔開
當句子主語後面跟有介詞or介詞短語時,會經常讓人感到混亂。比如說:
The manner in which you spoke tothose people are rude.
在這個句子中,謂語并不與前面的名詞(those people)所聯系,而是與句子的主語(the manner)相聯系,所以句子的正确形式應該為:
The manner in which you spoke to those people is rude.
例:
Food between the teeth results in bad teeth.
Students who staying in the classroom are doing their homework.
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