Word of the Day：July 18, 2022

sanction

許可；準許；準予；懲罰

verb SANK-shun [ˈsæŋkʃ(ə)n]

What It Means

Sanction means both "to give effective or authoritative approval or consent to" and "to impose a penalty or economically or militarily coercive measures."

Sanction 指“給予同意或權威批準”和“給予懲罰；在經濟或軍事強制施壓”。

SANCTION in Context

"Johnson himself was fined 50 pounds (about $63), making him the first British prime minister to be sanctioned for breaking the law while in office." — Jaweed Kaleem, The Los Angeles Times, 7 June 2022

“約翰遜被罰款50英鎊(約合63美元)，他成為了任期内的首位因違法而受到制裁的英國首相。”

Did You Know?

The noun sanction, meaning "authoritative approval" or "a coercive measure," entered English in the 15th century, and originally referred to a formal decree or law, especially an ecclesiastical decree. (The Latin sancire, meaning "to make holy," is an ancestor.) The noun's meaning then extended in different directions. By the end of the 17th century, it could refer to both a means of enforcing a law (a sense that in the 20th century we began using especially for economic penalties against nations violating international law) and the process of formally approving or ratifying a law. When the verb sanction appeared in the 18th century, it had to do with ratifying laws as well, but it soon acquired an additional, looser sense: "to approve."

名詞 sanction是在15世紀進入英語，意思是“權威批準”或“強制措施”，最初指正式的指令或法律；如教會法令。(拉丁語 sancire 意思“to make holy「使神聖」”，指祖先。) 它随後擴展到了與之不同的含義。到17世紀末，它既指強制法律手段(在20世紀開始用于指對特别違反國際法的國家進行經濟的處罰)，也指正式批準的（或批準法律的）過程。當動詞 sanction 在18世紀出現時，它同樣與批準法律有關，但很快它就有了一個更廣泛的含義:“to approve「批準」”。

Name That Synonym

Fill in the blanks to complete this verb that is a synonym of sanction: h _ m _ lo _ a _ e.

homologate

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