八個語法重點 一、非謂語動詞
二、虛拟語氣
三、 定語從句
四、 狀語從句
五、 主謂一緻
六、 倒裝
七、 情态動詞
八、 時态
這期我們主要總結非謂語動詞
在主語從句中表示是否隻能用whether
Eg: Whether he is coming to my party is hot known .
Do as I say
Like 是介詞 ,像...一樣。 As 像...一樣(連詞) like後不加句子

圖片來源于網絡
Tell it as it is .實話實說。
Often中ten在一起不發音。同樣的還有 listen .
一、 非謂語動詞動詞不定式 to do 不定式有時态的變化 ,語态的變化動名詞 doing分詞 :現在分詞,過去分詞 (一)動詞不定式
1.、動詞to是符号
To do 的派生詞to be doing(進行時)/tohave ved (完成時)
Eg: It is said that they are having English classes .
They(主語)are said(謂語) to be having English class.
It is said that Mr. smith has gone to USA
Mr. smith is said to have gone to USA Our handout is said to be being printed我們的講義正在被印刷。
Our handout is said to have been printed我們的講義被印刷完了。
2、不定式能做的句子成分
(1)作賓語(直接跟不定式)
Eg : decide , choose , want , plan , promise,determine,(決定) to do intend to do (打算) afford(買得起,負擔得起)
關于attend,tend,intend的對比
Attend 接賓語或名詞
Tend to /intend to
Tend趨向于,傾向于intend 目的是
(2)作賓語補足語
Eg: ask sb to do
動詞 疑問詞 不定式
Eg: know .wonder , explain , learn
I do not know how (疑問詞) to answer yourquestion .I learned how to do itI do not know what to say (3)作補語
不定式作補語的特殊結構
there to be 結構是there be 結構的不定式
Eg: I did not expect there to be so many people there
For(目的) there to be (there be 句型不定式)no mistakes he cheeked it 。
I did expect there were so many people❌
(4) 主語/ 語
Eg:To see(主語)is to believe(表語)
英語中的特殊形式表語
英語中的系動詞後的詞是表語,等同于主謂賓=主系表
Eg: To learn English well in such a short period is difficult.(頭重腳輕)需要借用形式主語it
lt is difficult for us to learn English well in such a short period .加入for us 才非常完整
For us 是tolearn 的輯主語
It is considerate (邏輯主語)of you to do me a favor
用for還是用of取決于形容詞
動詞不定式可以帶自己的邏輯主語,引導邏輯主語通常用介詞for;如果形容詞是表示人的品行,品德或者特征的時候必須用of引導邏輯主語。
Consider considerate 體貼的,考慮周到的
Considerable 相當大的,可觀的(指數量
(5)作定語 ...的
條件後置:動詞不定式作名詞的賓語要後
動詞不定式作定語,如果動詞是不及物動詞,往往需要加一個介詞。
Eg:While traveling you need to find a hotel to live in at night .
修飾a hoteTo live in a hotel 不能說 to live a hotel
I need a pen to write_with .
She has got a chair to sit on
As a captain(船長),he is always the first one to come to the ship
被修飾的成分有序數詞時,隻能用動詞不定式作定語。
(6)作狀語表示目的。條件、元音
Eg: 目的狀語 To go to USA he works hard at English ,To be a college teacher you must have doctors degree
作狀語的5種形式
...too...to...Enough toIn order to / so as toso...as to ......only to ... Holy girl 剩女
In order to 目的是,為了
若把目的放在句首隻能用in order to 不可用 so as to
若目的在句中,則in order to/ so as to 均可
...so ...as to ... 和 so ...that .. 意思差不多。結果狀語
So...that ...後接句子
So...as to ...如此以至于 as to 後接動詞原形
Eg :She is so lovely that everyone likes her(句子)
She is so lovely as to be liked by everyone
...only to... 重點考察 only 出乎意料
Eg: He hurried to the airport only to find the plane had taken off.
用only to 表示出乎意料的結果和前面的初衷相反。
(二)、動名詞 動詞的名詞形式 ving
Eg:Seeing is believing.動名詞可以做主語/表語。
動名詞作賓語時比較麻煩,動名詞可以做動詞的賓語還可以作介詞的賓語
Eg:avoid後必須用動名詞doing做賓語。
Eg: mind , avoid , enjoy , escape
appreciate , delay,postpone,consider 動名詞可以做介詞的賓語,動名詞具有名詞的特點。
Eg:I am interested in climbing mountains.
to 不好判介詞inon,of,after 好判斷斷。
to 加原形構成不定式是不定式符号
to加名詞/動名詞時是介詞
to在固定的結構中作介詞使用
Eg:look forward to / be used to 習慣于,後接名詞/動名詞
Money is used to buy food .被動語态
l am used to getting up early
Used to 過去常常作 後 動詞原形。To 是動詞不定式符号。
Lead to 中to是介詞。導緻産生引起
Prefer ...to ... 中的To 是介詞。喜歡...勝過...
Eg: I prefer coffee to tea
Preferto 後接動詞原形,to是不定式符号,甯願做某事
Devote oneself to...獻身于...
Object to 中的object 反對中的to 是介詞 名詞/動名詞
UFO 中的U是 unidentified F是fly,O是object
Identify v動詞詞尾是Y讀/ai/
名詞詞尾是Y讀/i/
Beautify/ai/ technology/i/
satisfy/ai/ Identify
Eg: a sleping baby 現在的分詞 a sleeping car (卧鋪車廂)動名詞
現在分詞作定語,表示正在進行,可以用定語從句替換。
動名詞作定語表示用途或性質。 有些動詞既可以跟動詞不定式和動名詞且意思一緻。
Begin/start(不考)
有些動詞既可以跟動詞不定式和動名詞意思略有不同,如 like
Eg: I like smoking ,but I dont like to smoke now
Like doing 表示習慣。 Like to do 表示
具體的動作
有些動詞既可以跟動詞不定式和動名詞但意思完全不同。
Stop , go on , remember , forget , regret mean
Stop doing 停下來現在做的事情
Stop to do 停下來現在做的事情去做别的事情
Regret doing 後悔做了某事
Regret to do 遺憾的去做某事
Remember doing 記得做過
Remember to do 記得去做
Try doing 試着做某事
Try to do 努力做某事
Go on doing 繼續做原來的事
Go on to do 繼續做另一件事
Mean doing 意味着
Mean to do 打算
Need,want,require 需要,都可以接動名詞和不定式。
Eg : These flowers need watering / to be watered
用動名詞時是主動表示被動,用不定式時是被動表被動。
vortn,wortny
Worth v-ing (動名詞)主動表被動
Be worthyof 動名詞主動表被動
Worthy to be done 主動表被動
Eg: He asked the students to work hard
使役動詞, let ,make, have,讓某人做...,使得感官動詞 see,hear,watch,smell, fell,前3個常用,使役動詞或感官動詞作謂語後的不定式做賓補時,應當省略to Eg;l saw the thief steal money in the shop
如果使役動詞和感官動詞是被動語态必須要還原to。
Have sb/sthdo(省略to的不定式)
Doing(讓某人一直...)
Done
如果用省略to的不定式,表示的是動作。如果用動名詞doing 表示的是動作的持續如果用過去分詞作賓補,是讓某人做某事,但不提出是誰做的,表示被動或完成。
Eg:He wants to do nothing but go out
He wants to believe nothing but to take the edicine.
He has no choice but to wait
有do沒to,沒do 有to,(在but後面加不加to取決于其前面的那個詞,其中do 是do does,did 表示實義動詞則沒有to)
eg:Do you mind my(邏輯主語)smoking here
動名詞的邏輯主語:1:形容詞性物主代詞或者所有格
2:人稱代詞的賓格
3:沒有生命的詞用普遍格(原形=普遍格)
Eg: the hope of the team (邏輯主語原形)winning the game 赢得比賽的希望 The noise of desks(邏輯主語) being opened and closed could be heard in the distance
動名詞 邏輯主語
Eg: The girls being educated in such a good school.主語相當于一個完整的句子,is
有些結構中必須用動名詞
have difficulty/troublein doing 有可能省略in 沒有in 也用doinghave a good / hard time (in )doinglt is no good/point(意義)/use(有用)/sense(意義)(in) doing sth Eg: It is no point asking him for help,because he is selfish .
4.There is no good / point/ use/sense /(in )doing sth
(三) 分詞 a developing country 發展中國家 表示正在進行 a developed country 發達國家 表示已經完成 現在分詞表示現在進行,過去分詞表示已經完成
atouching film
the touched audience
現在分詞表示主動,過去分詞表示被動
Eg: Seen from the hill top ,the village was make smaller.用ing 還是用ed 取決于主語。
Seeing.from the hill top ,we find the village was make smaller
Have sb doing 讓某人一直做某事
Have sb done 分詞作賓語的補足語
Eg: Having not heard from his son for a long time ,the father want to see him,(x)
非謂語動詞的否定形式,否定詞要放在非謂語動詞之前。
No having heard from his son for a long time ,the father want to see him.(√)
獨立主格結構
獨立主格結構的基本形式
名詞/代詞 現在分詞/過去分詞ving/V ed
Eg:Weatherpermitting(獨立主格做狀語) well go fishing tomorrow
If weather permits well go fishing tomorrow(完整的條件狀語從句)
名詞 現在分詞表達的是一個條件。
Weather 是主語,permitting 是謂語但不是主謂結構而是獨立主格形式。
怎麼判斷獨立主格
1、獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,他獨立存在
Eg: All things considered we decidt話 give up
2、獨立主格結構的名詞或代詞和緊随其後的分詞構成的主謂關系,但不是主謂結構。
3、獨立主格結構和主句一般用逗号隔開逗号連接的不可是完整的單句。
Eg: My bike___, I have to go to school on foot .
A . is being repaired B. being repaired C. has been repaired D. repaired 解析:A和C可構成完整的句子,B和D在結構上均可,但B在句意上合理,故選擇B
名詞/代詞 adj/副詞/不定式to do/介詞
Eg: He came into the room ,his ears red with cold
He 和his ears 主語不同 ,red 是形容詞
He was leapt busy all day ,much work (主語)to do(動詞不定式)
He ran out the room ,a knife in (介詞)his hand.
With n. 其他成分(表示伴随的獨立主格)
Eg:He was brought to the court (法庭) with his hands tied behind his back
if / whether
as/like 像...一樣
隻能用whether 表示是否
1、在主語從句和表語從句中表示是否隻能用 whether .
Eg: Whether he is coming to my party is not known (主語從句)
The question is whether he is coming to my party.(表語從句)
2、謂語動詞是discuss 或wonder時賓語從句表示是否隻能用whether。
Eg: We are discussing whether he is coming.to myparty(作賓語)
3、介詞後面表示是否隻能用whether
They are talking about whether he is coming to my party
4、和ornot 連用時都隻能用whether
Whether ...or not
Eg: I do not know if / whether he is coming to my party
As的詞性是連詞,介詞。連詞,像...一樣。介詞,作為... Like 當動詞講是喜歡,當介詞講是像...一樣 As當連詞講像...一樣,後接句子 Like 當介詞講像...一樣,後接名詞。 Eg: Like father ,like son .有其父必有其子。
as 當連詞講,像...一樣,除了接句子還可以接介詞結構,以及過去分詞。
Eg: Like in large cities ,net bars also popular in small village .中把like換為as才正确。
As motioned in the last paragraph ,net bars should be banned . 中as 像...一樣
As 之後接的是過去分詞
Like當動詞講是喜歡,反義詞是dislike 不喜歡
Unlike 是不像
Eg: Unlike her brother bill ,Mary was quite.
Likely,unlikely 中likely 是可能的,unlikely是不可能的。
Eg: He is unlikely to come to my party
Be likely to 很有可能的
這期就先總結到這裡了,總結不易期待大家的三連,下期将為大家帶來更好的總結,期待您的關注!
,
更多精彩资讯请关注tft每日頭條,我们将持续为您更新最新资讯!