系扣子、系拉鎖、系鞋帶、系皮帶……英文裡有統一的動詞嗎?答案是:有,一個是偉大的萬能動詞do,另一個是fasten,但是它們還是不如中文的“系”通用性強,還要具體情況具體分析,尤其慎用fasten。為了讓同學們一目了然,小雅做了一個表格,請在文章末尾查看。
寫這篇文章是一個漫長而痛苦的過程,因為我們希望把各種情況、各種表達方式都總結全,讓大家可以收藏查閱。外教們也快被小雅逼瘋了,無奈地說:This topic has been tricky!
Fastening 系
1. Button 系扣子
系扣子、系(有扣子的)襯衫:
(1) Button up your shirt. = Button your shirt.
在英式英語裡,可以直接說:Button up;在美式英語裡,需要有it,說button it up。
(2) Do your buttons.
解扣子、解(有扣子的)襯衫:
(3) Unbutton your shirt.
Button up的反義詞不是button down。
(4) Undo your buttons.
(5) Undo your shirt.
綜合(2)(3)(5)您可以看出,undo後面既可以加扣子,也可以加襯衫,但是do後面隻能加扣子。
2. Zip 系拉鎖
系拉鎖、系(有拉鎖的)外套:
(1) Zip up your jacket. = Zip your jacket.
(2) Do your zipper.
(3) Fasten your jacket.
解拉鎖、解(有拉鎖的)外套:
(4) Unzip your jacket.
(5) Undo your zipper.
(6) Undo your jacket.
(7) Unfasten your jacket.
3. Snap 系按扣
系按扣、系(有按扣的)大衣:
(1) Snap up your coat. = Snap your coat.
(2) Do your snaps.
(3) Fasten your snaps.
(4) Fasten your coat.
解按扣、解(有按扣的)大衣:
(5) Unsnap your coat.
(6) Undo your snaps.
(7) Undo your coat.
(8) Unfasten your snaps.
(9) Unfasten your coat.
4. Buckle 系帶扣Buckle這個詞,當寶媽寶爸的肯定不陌生,因為有一首One, Two, Buckle My Shoe。但是,不是系所有鞋都用buckle,它隻适用于這種有帶扣的鞋:
系下面這三種腰帶-belt,都用buckle。
系帶扣、系腰帶:
(1) Buckle your belt.
(2) Do your buckle.
(3) Fasten your buckle.
(4) Fasten your belt.
解帶扣、解腰帶:
(5) Unbuckle your belt.
(6) Undo your buckle.
(7) Undo your belt.
(8) Unfasten your buckle.
(9) Unfasten your belt.
5. Hook 鈎
把鈎鈎上、把皮帶鈎上:
(1) Hook your belt.
(2) Do your hook.
(3) Fasten your belt.
把鈎解開、把皮帶解開:
(4) Unhook your belt.
(5) Undo your hook.
(6) Unfasten your belt.
6. Clasp 系龍蝦扣
系龍蝦扣、系項鍊:
(1) Clasp your necklace.
(2) Do your clasp.
(3) Fasten your necklace.
(4) Fasten the clasp.
(5) Close your clasp.
(6) Close your necklace.
解龍蝦扣、解項鍊:
(7) Unclasp your necklace.
(8) Undo your clasp.
(9) Undo your necklace.
(10) Unfasten the clasp.
(11) Unfasten your necklace.
(12) Open your clasp.
(13) Open your necklace.
7. Tie 通過打結方式系
系鞋帶、系鞋:
(1) Tie your shoelaces.
(2) Tie your shoes.
(3) Do your shoelaces.
(4) Fasten your shoelaces.
(5) Fasten your shoes.
解鞋帶、解鞋:
(6) Untie your shoelaces.
(7) Untie your shoes.
(8) Undo your shoelaces.
(9) Undo your shoes.
(10) Unfasten your shoelaces.
(11) Unfasten your shoes.
8. Strap 用帶子系
以系鞋子上的粘扣-Velcro strap為例:
在英語裡,粘扣被認為是strap-帶子,這點不太好理解,因為strap通常是比較長的。另外,Velcro原本是一個尼龍搭扣的品牌“維可牢”,後來人們就用Velcro strap指代所有的粘扣了。
系粘扣、系鞋:
(1) Strap up your shoes. = Strap your shoes.
(2) Do your straps.
(3) Fasten your straps.
(4) Fasten your shoes.
解粘扣、解開鞋:
(5) Unstrap your shoes.
(6) Undo your shoes.
(7) Undo your straps.
(8) Unfasten your straps.
(9) Unfasten your shoes.
這組句式也适用于其他類型的strap,比如:把背帶褲背帶系上用strap up your overalls.
還有哪些“系”的動詞本文沒有涉及到,歡迎在評論中告訴我們!
附:Do / undo和fasten / unfasten适用情況總結:
Clothing only指後面隻能加衣物、鞋和配飾;Fastener only指後面隻能加用于系緊的裝置;Both指兩者都可以加。
除了表格,還有幾點總結希望能幫到大家:
(1) “系扣子”不說button your buttons,但是“系帶子”可以說tie your tie,原因是前者音節過多,太wordy。
(2) 在英式英語裡,可以直接說:Button up! Zip up! 在美式英語裡,需要有it,說Button it up! Zip it up!
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