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高考閱讀技巧訓練題及答案

（2018•北京•C）

Plastic-Eating Worms

Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋場), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.

Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊狀物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.

Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂

Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(腸道微生物)?

Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂

（1）What can we learn about the worms in the study?

A. They take plastics as their everyday food.

B. They are newly evolved creatures.

C. They can consume plastics.

D. They wind up in landfills.

（2）According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .

A. identify other means of the breakdown

B. find out the source of the enzyme

C. confirm the research findings

D. increase the breakdown speed

（3）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .

A. help to raise worms

B. help make plastic bags

C. be used to clean the oceans

D. be produced in factories in future

（4）What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To explain a study method on worms.

B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.

C. To present a way to break down plastics.

D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【考點】主旨大意題，推理判斷題，細節理解題，科普環保類，說明文

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文，介紹吃塑料的蟲子的工作原理及應用設想。

⑴細節理解。将題幹中的worms in the study定位在第二段第二句，the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams可知這些蟲子吃塑料，故答案為C。

⑵細節理解。将題幹中的關鍵詞Jennifer DeBruyn定位在第四段，找到the next step出現在倒數第二句The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown，可知，下一步将是确定這種分解的原因，即找到酶的來源，故答案為B。

⑶推理判斷。确定題幹中chemical最後一段的最後一句 But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.，可知，她期望把化學物質用于某種工業生産中，而不是僅僅把蟲子扔到塑料上，故答案為D。

⑷主旨大意。通過文章标題Plastic-Eating Worms以及首尾段落的理解，可知全文在介紹蟲子與塑料的降解之間的關系，所以C項：介紹一種分解塑料的方法，即“吃塑料的蟲子”是本文的中心，故答案為C。

【點評】本文屬于科普類說明文，閱讀時在文章首段确定文章的中心句，然後快速浏覽文章内容。閱讀問題，找到問題中的關鍵詞。在文章中定位問題中的關鍵詞，答案就在關鍵詞附近。注意關鍵詞整合後答題。

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