Part1(一) 基本運算(加減乘除、乘方、開方)11.加法
相關符号:
舉例: 1 2 = 3 augend addend = sum
相關詞彙:addition 加法、plus sign 加号、plus symbol 加号、augend 被加數、addend 加數、sum 和
口語表達: One plus two equals three. 一加二等于三。One is the augend, two is the addend, and three is the sum. 1是被加數,2是加數,3是和。
The sum of one and two is three. 1與2的和是3。 If you add one and two, you get three. 1加上2,得到3。 We are doing an addition (operation). 我們在做加法(運算)。
22.減法相關符号: -
舉例: 8 - 6 = 2 minuend -subtrahend = difference
相關詞彙: subtraction 減法、minus sign 減号、minus symbol 減号、minuend 被減數、subtrahend 減數、difference 差
口語表達: Eight minus six equals two. 8減去6等于2。
8 is the minuend, 6 is the subtrahend, and 2 is the difference. 8是被減數,6是減數,2是差。 8, subtract/deduct 6 gives you 2. 8減去6,得到2。 If you take 6 away from 8, you get/are left with 2. 8去掉6,得到/剩下2。 We are doing a subtraction (operation). 我們在做減法(運算)。
33.乘法相關符号:×
舉例: 3 × 4 = 12; multiplier × multiplicand = product ; factor × factor = product
相關詞彙: multiplication 乘法、multiplier 被乘數、multiplicand 乘數、factor因數、product 積
口語表達: Three times four equals twelve. 3乘以4等于12。
12 is the product of 3 and 4. 12是3與4的積。 3 multiplied by 4 is 12. 3乘以4等于12。
44.除法相關符号: ÷
舉例: 8 ÷ 2 = 4 10 ÷ 4 = 2…2 dividend ÷ divisor = quotient, remainder
相關詞彙: division 除法、obelus 除号、dividend 被除數、divisor 除數、quotient 商、remainder 餘數
口語表達: Eight divided by two equals four. 8除以2等于4。
10 divided by 4 gives you 2 with a remainder of 2. 10除以4等于2,餘數為2。
55.幂運算舉例: bn base exponent = power
相關詞彙: exponentiation 幂運算、power operation 指數運算、exponent 指數、base 底、power 幂
口語表達: bn 可以讀作 b to the n-th power, b to the power of n 或者 b raised to the n-th power
當指數為2或3時,即 b2 和 b3 通常讀作 b squared 和 b cubed
103 = 1000 可讀作 10 cubed is 1,000. 10 to the third power is 1,000. 或 10 to the power of three is 1,000.
66.開方運算
相關詞彙: root 根、degree 次、radicand 被開方數、square root 平方根、cube root 立方根
口語表達:
The squared root of 9 is 3.
The cube root of 8 is 2.
讀作 the n-th root of x x 的 n 次方根
Part2(二) 基本計數方法(整數、小數、分數、科學計數法)71.整數舉例: 123; 1234; 12345678
相關詞彙: integer 整數、hundred 百、thousand 千、million 百萬、billion 十億、trillion 萬億
口語表達: 123 讀作 one hundred and twenty-three,非正式可以省讀為 one twenty-three
1,234 讀作 one thousand, two hundred and thirty-four 或者 twelve hundred and thirty-four,非正式可以省讀為 twelve thirty-four
12,345,678 讀作 twelve million, three hundred and forty-five thousand, six hundred and seventy-eight(英語中數字以三位數為一組,每一組三位數前面加一個逗号)
82.小數舉例: 0.5; 0.33; 10.875
相關詞彙:decimal或decimal number 小數、decimal point 小數點、decimal place 小數位、rounding 四舍五入、round up 上入、round down 下舍
口語表達:0.5 讀作 zero point five
0.33 讀作 zero point three three(注意小數點後面的數字要一個一個念出來,不能讀成zero point thirty-three)
10.875 讀作 ten point eight seven five
1.2735 rounded to 3 decimal places is 1.274. 1.2735四舍五入到三位小數是1.274。
93.分數舉例: a/b; 相關詞彙: fraction或fraction number 分數、numerator 分子、denominator 分母
口語表達:
在口語裡通常讀作 a over b,要比讀作 a divided by b簡略
½,one over two,一般說成one half,同樣1/3一般說成one third,1/4 一般說成one quarter或one forth
2/3, two over three, 一般說成two thirds(注意third後面加s變複數),類似地,5/12可以說成five twelfths
1/100 一般說成one hundredth,其它以此類推
104.科學計數法舉例: 1.23×103 或 1.23E3; 7.21×10-22或7.21E-22
相關詞彙: scientific notation 科學計數法
口語表達:參見幂運算和指數運算的讀法,1.23×103 可讀做 one point two three times/multiplied by ten to the power of three, one point two three times ten to the third
1.23E3 可讀作 one point two three times E to the power of three / E to the third
7.21×10-22 可讀作 seven point two one times ten to the (power of) minus twenty-two 或 seven point two one times ten to the minus twenty-second
Part3(三) 基本數學符号表1:基本數學符号(包括常用的标點符号)
以上(一)至(三)的内容屬于比較基礎的數學運算和符号,接下來進階到比較複雜的數學符号和運算,一些内容應該是高中或大學階段才會接觸到的,希望對你有幫助
Part4(四) 數學符号進階表2:數學符号進階
Part5(五) 常用數學标記 表格3:常用數學标記
Part6(六)數學運算進階111.求階乘
相關符号: !
相關詞彙: factorial 階乘
口語表達: 5! 讀作five factorial 5的階乘
5! = 120 The value of five factorial is 120.
122.求和相關符号: ∑
相關詞彙: summation 和、capital sigma notation 大寫西格瑪标記法
口語表達:
讀作 the summation over k from 1 to 5 of k squared 或 the sum of k squared as k goes from 1 to 5,通常把summation省讀為sum
133.求積相關符号:
相關詞彙: the product of a sequence 序列的積、capital pi notation 大寫π标記法
口語表達:
讀作 the product of i overi from 1 to 4 或者 the product of i as i goes from 1 to 4
144.求極限相關符号: lim
相關詞彙: limit 極限
口語表達:
讀作 the limit as x approaches zero of f of x
The limit of 1 over the absolute value of x as x approaches zero is infinity.
155.對數運算相關符号: log, ln
相關詞彙: logarithm operation 對數運算、base 底、common logarithm 常用對數(以10為底)、natural logarithm 自然對數(以自然數e=2.71818...為底)
口語表達:
讀作 the logarithm of x to base b,通常口語裡把logarithm簡稱log
lnx 讀作 the natural log of x
166.求倒數相關詞彙: reciprocal 倒數
口語表達: the reciprocal of 5 is one fifth (1/5) or zero point two (0.2).
177.求反函數相關符号: f -1
相關詞彙: inverse Function 反函數
口語表達: y = f(x) = 2x 4 Function y equals f of x equals 2 x plus 4.
Its inverse function f inverse as a function of y is equal to one half y minus 2, f -1(y) = y/2 - 2.
188.向量點乘相關符号: .
相關詞彙: dot product 點積,數量積、scalar product 标量積
口語表達:
讀作 the dot product of vectors u and v
199.向量叉乘相關符号: ×
相關詞彙: cros product 叉積、vector product 矢量積,向量積
口語表達:
讀作 the cross product of vectors u and v
2010.求積分相關符号:
相關詞彙: integration 積分運算、integral 積分、definite integral 定積分、
indefinite integral 不定積分、double integral 雙重積分
口語表達:
讀作the integral of f of x d x
讀作 the integral from t equals 0 to t equals infinity of f of t d t 或者 the integral of f of t d t as t goes from 0 to infinity
2111.求導數,求微分相關符号:
相關詞彙: derivative 導數、first derivative 一階導數、differential 微分
口語表達: dy/dx 全稱為 the derivative with respect to x of y 或者 the derivative of y with respect to x,簡讀為d y over d x
讀作 the n-th derivative with respect to x of y
2212.求偏導數,求偏微分相關符号:
讀作 the partial derivative of f with respect to x
2313.求卷積相關符号: *
相關詞彙: convolution 卷積
口語表達: f(t)*g(t) 讀作 the convolution of functions f of t and g of t
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