Preserving the Environment
Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition of about 120 words on the topic: Preserving the Environment. You should base your writing on the following outline (given in Chinese). You can write as many paragraphs as you wish, but you should not omit any part of the outline.
1.人類生存與環境有關;
2.目前環境污染日益嚴重(略述原因);
3.保護環境是我們的重要任務。
【範文】
Preserving the Environment
Environment means the land, water, and atmosphere we live by①. Environment is the earth, the only planet and home for us human race②. No one will doubt that we can ever survive③ while the land, water and atmosphere are seriously polluted.
However, this is the situation we are facing today. Every day, every hour, the air, forests, soil, oceans and fish water are becoming dirtier and dirtier with increasing speed④ and are threatening our existence. There are mainly two causes of⑤ the environmental problems: the excessive use of natural resources and massive discharge of⑥ polluted waste in the course of production.
Preserving the environment is of crucial importance⑦ to mankind today. We must take immediate measures to⑧ fight against⑨ pollution. “Conquering the nature⑩ ” should never be our goal; instead, we should take nature as our closest friend. Preserving the environment is not only preserving our home but the civilization of human community as well11.
【注釋】
①live by:靠…過去;以…為生
②human race:人類,相當于people in general
③survive:vi/t.:大難不死,幸免于難
④… with increasing speed …:介詞with引導一個現在分詞短語作狀語,說明謂語動詞行為方式
⑤excessive use of …:excessive意思是“過度的”;“極端的”,所以這個短語是說“對…過度使用”
⑥massive discharge of …:大規模地排放…
⑦be of crucial importance:系動詞be和介詞of連用,表明某事物具有什麼性質或屬性;crucial意為“決定性的”,“關系重大的”。所以這句話的意思是:保護環境對今天的人類來說是至關重要的。
⑧take immediate measures to:take measures意為“采取措施”,所以這個詞組的意思是“采取緊急措施以…”
⑨fight against:與…作鬥争
⑩conquering the nature:征服大自然
11as well:也,同樣(是)
【點評】
本文是一篇帶提示的提綱式命題作文。出題者要求答題者在規定的時間内,緊緊圍繞提示,用英語論述自己對“保護環境”這一命題的看法。
文章的第一段,作者用解釋法(explanation)從不同的兩個角度定義“環境”這個詞。我們注意到,這兩種解釋的本身就說明了人類與環境關系密切。定義之後,作者指出:如果環境污染嚴重,人類将無法生存。這樣,提示一要表達的觀點就比較清楚了。第二段第一句話中“however”一詞承上啟下,給人邏輯清晰,過渡自然的感覺;後半句作為本段的中心句,點明接下來将要論述的方向。作者從時、空兩個大的方面概述環境污染現狀,然後從“過渡開發自然資源”和“大規模排放污染物”兩個方面說明導緻這種現狀的原因。作者之所以要從大的方面,選用較抽象的詞論論述現狀和原因,一是為了滿足提示中“略述”的需要,二是受英語作文的篇幅限制。這對作者的綜合語言表達能力要求較高。承接一、二段,作者在第三段論述了“保護環境”的重要性和緊迫性。
全篇文章邏輯清晰,語言表達自然流暢。用“However”一詞作上段與下段的轉折詞,過渡自然,結構也顯得嚴謹。
參考文獻:英語作文高分必背叢書:大學英語四級寫作/李華田主編,武漢大學出版社,2005
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