本文簡介英語的基本句子成分。

　　句子是由單詞組成的

　　一個句子可以由任意數量的單詞組成。

　　He left us.

　　The man in the corner lowered his newspaper.

　　Whenever I see Tammy I worry about how I look.

　　Until tomorrow then.

　　Yes.

　　我們可以用許多方法把單詞組合在一起構成新句子。

　　I can help you.

　　Can I help you?

　　所有的句子都以大寫字母開頭，以句号、問号或感歎号結尾。 從句用來描述一組詞，這些詞包含一個動詞、該動詞的主語，通常還包含一些其他的詞，如一個賓語。

　　I live in Sussex.

　　…where I live.

　　Jessica lived in Manchester at first.

　　He was living in Rome that year.

　　…when he had eaten breakfast.

　　一個句子可以包含一個或多個子句。

　　I can help you if you will let me.

　　Whenever you need to talk to someone, just pop in and see if I’m here.

　　許多句子是由一個單獨的子句組成的。 單一句稱為簡單句。

　　He arrived on Friday.

　　My brother loves his skateboard.

　　單句句中總是包含動詞。

　　然而，一個句子并不總是一個單句。

　　Certainly not.

　　Until tomorrow then.

　　Yes.

　　Why?

　　一個短語就是一組單詞。 這個詞通常用來指那些自然結合在一起的詞。

　　the other day

　　my friend Henry

　　in spite of

　　over the hill

　　would have been walking

　　句子成分組成有主語、謂語、賓語等

　　句子成分使用不同的詞性。一個句子的主語可以是名詞短語或代詞。 在一個句子中，主語通常在動詞短語之前。

　　The girls had been swimming.

　　The new teacher came in.

　　They had finished.

　　動詞短語包括主要動詞，請參見英語動詞形式，也可以有助動詞伴随，它們作謂語。

　　The girls had been swimming.

　　The new teacher came in.

　　They had finished.

　　She uses her skateboard quite a lot.

　　Rajiv was reading a new novel.

　　She is riding someone else’s horse.

　　賓語是名詞短語或代詞。

　　She used her old skateboard.

　　Rajiv was reading a new novel.

　　Josh found it.

　　不是所有的動詞都需要一個賓語。 當有賓語時，賓語通常在動詞短語之後。 有些動詞也需要間接賓語,請參閱英語的間接賓語。

　　Hamish gave me a party invitation.

　　Ruth gave Lauren a nice bunch of flowers.

　　狀語或修飾語是句子中不是必須的部分，這可能是:

　　一個副詞（請參考什麼是副詞） Suddenly, it started to rain heavily.

　　副詞短語，用作副詞的一組詞 In the morning, the sky was clear.

　　You probably won’t notice it after a while.

　　狀語從句（參考英語的地點狀語從句和 英語的時間狀語從句 ），包含一個動詞的一組詞，用作副詞 I’ll get some biscuits for you when I’ve poured the drinks.

　　When I’ve poured the drinks, I’ll get some biscuits for you.

　　Mark played while Isabel sang.

　　雖然有些狀語的位置是固定的，但大多數狀語可以在句子的幾個位置被添加。 它們的任何數量都可以添加，隻受句子意義的限制。

　　In the winter, the roads get very slippery.

　　The roads get very slippery in the winter.

　　對于某些動詞，如be和seem，補語代替賓語。 補語既可以是形容詞也可以是名詞短語。 補語提供關于主題的進一步描述性細節，補語可參見英語的補足語。 He became a doctor in 2005.

　　Andrew is a motor-mechanic.

　　He felt a bit silly when he realized what he’d done.

　　They became good friends despite the mistake.

　　構成句子成分的詞類

　　動詞告訴我們一個動作或一種存在狀态。 普通動詞稱為主要動詞，動詞的用法請參見英語動詞形式。

　　I am thinking.

　　She has seen the film already.

　　I can help you.

　　We might need to.

　　名詞是用來标記事物或想法的詞。 名詞有時被稱為“命名詞”，詳細請見名詞的正确使用。

　　Gary saw Sue， so he asked her to help him.

　　Ross was hungry so he stopped at a burger bar.

　　形容詞提供關于名詞的更多信息。 形容詞幫助我們描述或挑選出在衆多事物中所指的特定事物。 形容詞有時被稱為“描述性詞彙”。

　　She ran quickly down the path.

　　The children laughed hysterically.

　　He lifted the box carefully.

　　有些副詞也可以用在形容詞之前，

　　He was a rather tall man.

　　This cake is quite nice.

　　It was fairly good.

　　It’s a very hot day.

　　或者引入一個句子。 許多副詞是由形容詞加ly構成的。

　　Fortunately, the rain stayed away.

　　Honestly, I can’t help it.

　　介詞是少數可以和名詞和動詞連用的詞之一。 介詞提供關于位置或運動的信息，見英語介詞的使用。

　　He is coming now.

　　He is coming in the morning.

　　I found him there.

　　I found him near the gates.

　　連詞把兩個或兩個以上的名詞或從句連接起來。 連詞有時被稱為連接詞。

　　I went to the shop and bought some bread.

　　I bought some bread, but I forgot to get the milk.

　　許多詞可以充當不止一個詞類。 一個英語單詞在一個句子中是名詞，在另一個句子中是動詞，這是很常見的（參見英語動詞和名詞的相互轉換）。

　　Jamal scored several runs.

　　She runs half a mile each morning.

　　I’ve been chosen for the school play.

　　Christopher and Angus play golf together on Fridays.

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