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如何區别besides和except

知識 更新时间:2024-09-14 21:56:57

  1、except和besides都可解作“除……之外” 但含義不同。

  except 表示“從所提到的人或事物中除去,即從整體中除去一部分”,表示遞減的概念,含義是否定的。

  besides表示“除了……之外,還有……”,指“在整體中加入一部分”,表示遞加的概念,含義是肯定的。

  試比較:

  ①We all went except him. 除他之外,我們都去了。(他沒有去)

  ②We all went besides him. 除他之外,我們大家也都去了。(他也去了)

  (1)besides常與other/more/else等詞連用 ,except常與all/every/everyone/none/nobody/everything/nothing等總括詞連用。

  eg. He had other people to take care of besidesme.

  All the students in Class One went to the cinema except Li Ping.

  (2)若句中沒有實義動詞do的某種形式,except後接動詞不定式,而besides後接動詞的-ing形式。

  eg.I had no choice except to obey/besides obeying his order.

  (3)若句中有實義動詞do的某種形式,二者後面都可以接動詞原形。

  eg.She has nothing to do except/besides go with him.

  (4)二者後面都可以接從句。

  eg.①Besides that he explained the theory he gave us some examples.

  ②He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.

  (5)except後面可接for(構成短語except for)或其他介詞短語,而besides不能。

  except for主要有三層含義:

  ①表示對整體主要部分的肯定和對局部的否定,起部分修正主要意思的作用。

  eg.Your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes.

  ②表示非同類事物進行比較。

  eg.The street is empty except for several cars.

  ③置于句首,表達except的含義。

  eg.Except for this,everything is in order.

  except for後接名(代)詞,可以轉移為except+從句或其他介詞短語。

  eg.The climate here is good except for some rainy days.(except when it rains;except that it sometimes rains;except on the rainy days)

  注意:二者用于否定句時含義相同,意思是一樣的。

  eg. He did nothing besides (=except) this.

  除這件事外,他什麼事也沒做。

  2、apart from兼有besides和except for兩種含義,後接名詞、代詞或動名詞。

  3、 but含義與except相同,都表示遞減的概念,二者在多數情況下可以互換,但用法稍有區别。

  ①except可以代替but,但but并不一定都可以代替except,如果句中有no、all、nobody、who、where等不定代詞或疑問詞時,多用but;後跟賓語從句時,多用except。

  ②but for含義有時與except for相同,但主要表示“要不是……”,常用于虛拟句,表示一種假設。

  ③but位置的變化會引起人稱代詞主、賓格的變化。

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