過去完成時表示到過去某一時間已完成的動作或狀态。‍

過去完成時

1.動詞形式

2.過去完成時用法

（1）表示到過去某一時間已完成或者結束的動作或狀态。過去的某一時間通常是由by引起的時間狀語。例如：

By Saturday night we had got everything ready for the part.

到星期六晚上我們已為聚會作好了一切準備。

They had arrived home by 5 p.m.

到下午五點他們已經回到家。

We had finished the job by Firday.

到星期王我們已經完成這項工作。

It is two days since he left for America.

他去美國兩天了。

過去某一時間也可以通過時間狀語從句表示：

He had already left when I got there.

我到那兒時他已經離開了。

We had studied a little Japanese before we came to Japan.

我們到日本前學過一點日語。

有時過去的時間也可以通過上下文情景來體現。比如：

I met Mary in the street one morning.She had changed greatly.

一天早晨我在街上遇見瑪麗。她變化很大。

I didn't want to see the play because I had already seen it.

我不想看那部戲劇，因為我已經看過了。

When I got to George's office, he wasn't there. I was told that he had gone home.

我到喬治辦公室時,他不在.有人告訴我他回家了。

2.過去完成時用法

（2）表示持續到過去某一時間動作或狀态。例如：

He had worked in the store for five years before he moved here.

我搬遷到這裡來以前，在那家商店工作了五年。

句子成分分析：

本句He是主語，had worked是謂語動詞(had 過去分詞worked構成過去完成時形式), in the store是地點狀語,for five years是時間狀語(for 一段時間構成),before引導狀語從句,he是從句的主語,moved是謂語動詞(過去式),here是狀語。

She told me that she had been an air hostess for quite a few years.

她告訴我她當空中乘務員好幾年了。

（3）表示運去某一時間為止發生的動作次數的總和或具有的經曆。比如：

She said that she had been to Shanghai.

她說她已來過上海。

句子成分分析：

She是主語，said是謂語動詞（過去式），that引導賓語從句,she是從句的主語，had been to Shanghai是狀态型謂語（had been表示過去完成時）。

By the end of the year we had planted many trees in our neighbourhood.

到年底我們在我們街坊種了許多樹。

By the end of last term we had read ten short stories.

到上學期末，我們已讀了十篇短篇小說。

3. 過去完成時與過去一般時的區别

過去完成時強調的是過某一時間或者另一動作前已完成的動作，因此一般須有一個過去的時間作參照标準或與另一過去的動作發生有先後關系。過去完成時也稱"過去的過去"，而一般過去時僅表示動作或者狀态在過去某時間發生，所以不能認為凡是過去發生的動作或狀态都用過去完成時。例如：

He had fallen ill when he finished the job.

當他完成這項工作時已經病倒

句子結構分析：He是主語，had fallen ill是系表型謂語（had fallen是過去完成時形式），when引導時間狀語從句，he是主語，finished是謂語（過去式），the job是賓語。

He fell ill three days after he returned from his trip.

他旅遊回來三天後病倒了。

He had taught English for twenty years when here tired.

當他退休時，他已教英語二十年了。

He had taught English for twenty years after he graduated from college.

他大學畢業後教過二十年英語。

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