MRP

物料需求計劃

— Overview —

1

物料需求計劃是20世紀60年代發展起來的一種計算物料需求量和需求時間的系統。所謂“物料”，泛指原材料、在制品、外購件以及産品。最初，它隻是一種需求計算器，是開環，沒有信息反饋，也談不上控制。後來。從供應商和成産現場取得了信息反饋，形成閉環MRP系統，這時的MRP才成為生産計劃與控制系統。

Material requirement planning is a system that was developed in the 1960s to calculate material requirements and required time. The so-called "materials" generally refer to raw materials, work in progress, purchased parts and products. Initially, it was just a demand calculator, it was open loop, there was no information feedback, and there was no control. later. Information feedback is obtained from suppliers and production sites to form a closed-loop MRP system. At this time, MRP becomes a production planning and control system.

MRP的基本思想

— The basic idea of MRP —

2

MRP的基本思想是，圍繞物料轉化組織制造資源，實現按需準時生産。對加工裝配式生産來說，如果确定了産品出産數量和出産時間，就可按産品的結構确定産品的所有零件和部件的數量，并可按各種零件和部件的生産周期，反推出它們的出産時間和投入時間。物料在轉化的過程中，需要不同的制造資源，有了各種物料的投入出産時間和數量，就可以确定對于這些制造資源的需要數量和需要時間。這樣就可以圍繞物料的轉化過程來組織制造資源，實現按需準時生産。

The basic idea of MRP is to organize manufacturing resources around material conversion to achieve on-demand production on time. For processing and assembly production, if the production quantity and production time of the product are determined, the quantity of all parts and components of the product can be determined according to the structure of the product, and the production cycle of various parts and components can be reversed. Production time and investment time. In the process of material transformation, different manufacturing resources are required. With the input and production time and quantity of various materials, the required quantity and required time for these manufacturing resources can be determined. In this way, manufacturing resources can be organized around the transformation process of materials, and on-demand production can be realized.

應用MRP的目的

— Purpose of applying MRP —

3

MRP的基本目的是使生産過程的各個環節能夠互相銜接，讓生産過程保持連續性。而要保持生産過程的連續性，生産階段之間、各道工序之間既不能有在制品的積壓，又不能因在制品供應不上而中斷生産。當上遊産生階段或工序供不應求時，下遊生産階段或工序就會出現零件積壓，造成庫存。

為了控制庫存，MRP可以提供零件部件投入出産計劃和外購件需求計劃，保證在正确的時間、按照正确的數量生産與采購需要的零部件和原材料。為了保持生産過程的持續性，需要生産能力作為保證，MRP能夠提供準确的能力需求計劃。對于緊缺件和特急件的加工，MRP系統能夠提供零部件優先權方面的信息，使生産調度有序地進行。

The basic purpose of MRP is to enable the various links of the production process to be connected to each other and to maintain the continuity of the production process. In order to maintain the continuity of the production process, there must be neither a backlog of work-in-progress between production stages and various processes, nor can production be interrupted due to insufficient supply of work-in-progress. When the upstream production stage or process is in short supply, there will be a backlog of parts in the downstream production stage or process, resulting in inventory.

In order to control inventory, MRP can provide parts and components input production plan and purchased parts demand plan to ensure that the required parts and raw materials are produced and purchased at the right time and in the right quantity. In order to maintain the continuity of the production process, production capacity is required as a guarantee, and MRP can provide accurate capacity demand planning. For the processing of scarce parts and urgent parts, the MRP system can provide information on the priority of parts and components, so that production scheduling can be carried out in an orderly manner.

參考資料：《生産運作管理》

英文翻譯：Google翻譯

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