利用英語和漢語拼音一個小時玩轉世界語發音和語法
Alphabet(字母)
The Esperanto alphabet consists of 28 letters: a, b, c, ĉ, d, e, f, g, ĝ, h, ĥ, i, j, ĵ, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, ŝ, t, u, ŭ, v, z.
世界語有28個字母。實際上就是拉丁字母,隻是有幾個是通過上加符号表示其它的音素。
Note the following differences from English(請注意以下與英語的區别):
Pronunciation(發音)
Words are pronounced exactly as spelled, applying the equivalents mentioned above, e.g. 世界語的發音是印歐語系中最規則的。單詞發音的字母發音完全相同,怎麼拼寫就怎麼讀。除了極少數的例外,非常接近拉丁語、意大利語、西班牙語的發音。
Stress(重音)
Words of more than one syllable are stressed on the last syllable but one, e.g.在有2個或以上音節的單詞中,單詞重音總在倒數第二個音節。下面例子中标注為大寫的就是重讀音節。
Be careful over words like historio (hi-sto-RI-o, hee-stoh-REE-oh).
Article(冠詞)
The definite article is la (– *the). 世界語沒有不定冠詞,隻一個定冠詞la。
It is invariable (no change for gender, case or number). There is no indefinite article:
Personal Pronouns(人稱代詞)
The pronouns li, ŝi, ĝi are used in just the same way as English "he, she, it".世界語人稱代詞li, ŝi, ĝi 和英語中的he,she,it是相同的。
Possessive Pronouns(所有格代詞,也就是說中國英語教材中常說的物主代詞)
These are formed by adding the ending a to the simple pronouns:在人稱代詞的基礎上加-a。事實上-a是統一的形容詞後綴。
Nouns(名詞)
All nouns end in -O. 世界語名詞使用統一的後綴-o。
There is no grammatical gender: where appropriate, feminine sex is indicated by a suffix.
Plural(複數)
The plural ending is j. 世界語名詞和形容詞加j構成複數。
Both nouns and adjectives take this ending, e.g.:
Verbs(動詞)
1. The infinitive ending is -i, e.g. 動詞不定式使用統一的後綴-i。
o lerni – to learn
o labori – to work
o esti – to be.
2. The present tense ending is -as. 在詞根後加上-as構成現在式。沒有人稱和數的變化。It is the same for all persons and numbers:
o mi sidas – I sit
o vi sidas – you sit
o ni sidas – we sit
o ili sidas – they sit.
Ĉu? (疑問小品詞,構成一般疑問句)
This is an interrogative particle, used to turn a statement into a yes/no question:
Kiu? (相當于英語中的who和which的疑問詞)
This interrogative functions both as a pronoun ("who?") and as an adjective ("which?"), e.g.
The Suffix –ist (後綴-ist,描述經常從事某種有規律活動的人,如老師)
is used to form the name of a person regularly engaged in some activity, e.g.
The Suffix –in (構成陰性詞的後綴-in)
is used to form the feminine of a noun:
Affirmative Particle(表肯定的小品詞)
jes has the same sound and meaning as the English "yes".世界語的jes相當于英語中的yes,德語中的ja.
Negative Particle(否定小品詞)
ne corresponds to "no" (opposite of "yes") and to "not":世界語中的ne,對應英語中的not。
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