分詞

非謂語動詞---動詞不定式，動名詞，分詞

To do doing done

一、現在分詞

現在分詞由動詞加ing構成，過去分詞由動詞加ed構成。

如：a developing country 一個發展中的國家 （表進行）

a developed country 一個發展完的國家（表完成）

一、現在分詞的兩個基本特點：

1. 在時間上表示動作正在進行。例如： a developing country. 一個發展中的國家， boiling water 沸水， rising sun 冉冉升起的太陽。

2. 在語态上表示主動。例如： the ruling class 統治階級， the exploiting class 剝削階級。

二、過去分詞的兩個基本特點：

1、在時間上表示完成。比如： a developed country 一個發達國家， boiled water 白開水， risen sun 升起的太陽）

2、在語态上表示被動。比如： the ruled class 被統治階級， the exploited class 被剝削階級

三、分詞的基本功能。

1. 分詞作表語 （看分詞與主語的關系）

The movie is very touching (電影很感人)

They are touched by the movie (他們被感動)

The movie is very exciting （主動的概念—電影使人興奮）

People are excited on the movie （人們被電影所興奮，人是動作的承受者）

Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那個杯子，它是壞的。

He is quitepleasedwith the design of the dress. 她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。

pleasing

注：現在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動；另外，表達人物内心的某種感受，心理狀态時用過去分詞。比如：I am pleased ,(高興) I am satisfied （滿意）.

2、分詞做定語，表示正在進行的或主動的動作。（看分詞與被修飾的名詞關系）

A、單個分詞做定語，放在名詞前面，象一個形容詞。例如：

① There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.

② there was a terrible noise followed the sudden burst of light

③I was satisfied with the exciting speech.

④The excited people rushed into the building. 激動的人們奔進了大樓。

⑤We need more qualified teachers. 我們需要更多合格的教師。

B 分詞短語做定語 ,是定語從句的省略。分詞短語的構成：分詞 介詞短語（介詞 名詞）。

I knew the teacher who lived in China

I knew the teacher living in China

我認識那個住在中國的老師

比較上面兩句話:第二句話把連詞who省略，把謂語動詞lived 改為分詞living

From hill, We saw a bird which is flyingin the sky

From hill, we saw a bird flying in the sky .

把連詞省略掉，用分詞代替謂語,如果是主動，就用現在分詞，如果是被動，就用過去分詞。----分詞短語做定語，實際上就是定語從句省略。

Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什麼活動嗎？

= Is there anything that will be planned for tommorrow?

Plan動詞的過去式也是加ed,過去分詞也是由動詞 ed 構成，所以要注意區别。

They planed something

The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.

外國專家提出來的建議被經理采納了。

= The suggestion which was made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager

The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.

這些書是魯迅寫的，受到了許多中國人民的喜愛。 = which was written

The books, which was written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.

The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.

這次會議獲得很大的成功，共有一千個學生出席了。 = which was atteded

The meeting , which was attended by one thousand students , was a success.

. A __________ gentleman will be the husband of this old widow.

A. young-Look B. young-looking C. young-looked D. looking-young

注：Look是連系動詞，連系動詞無被動，隻有主動。做be與形容詞連用，be沒有被動，隻有being，選B

How can this __________ school teach children?

A. bad-managing B. bad-managed C. badly-managed D. badly-managing

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