漢語中的“雖然、盡管”對應的25種英語表示法——簡版
1.although (不使用倒裝結構,可用于句首或句中;句中時有轉折含義)
2.though (可以使用半倒裝結構,也可不用,句首句中均可;可構成even though, as though短語)
3.while(多用于句首——高考必會)
4.when(多用于句中,上個世紀考過一題)
5.whereas (誇克講whereas屬于正式用法,朗文第五版含義是:但是,卻;盡管)
6.even if(麥克米倫詞典含義:即使;盡管——似乎把even if記成“即使、即便”更好)
7.even though (麥克米倫詞典含義:雖然;盡管——語氣超強)
8.in spite of (介詞短語,In spite of his serious illness, Tom still came to school.)
9.despite (介詞,相當于in spite of結構)
10.regardless of (介詞短語,相當于despite——盡管詞典這樣标注,我還是覺得有點差異)
11.in spite of the fact that (相當于although,覺得有點啰嗦的感覺)
12.despite the fact that (相當于although)
13.much as (英式英語,相當于although,屬于倒裝了的as的一個搭配,專四常考)
14.as (作為“雖然、盡管”含義的as,必須使用倒裝結構,當然倒裝結構的as也有“因為”意義)
——《韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典》第50頁albeit詞條
albeit: conj. formal: even though, although盡管;雖然
She appeared on the show, albeit briefly. 她參加了演出,盡管上場時間很短。
It was an amazing computer, albeit expensive. 這台電腦功能強大,盡管價格昂貴。
17.regardless of the fact that
——所見例句不多,這裡給出幾個。
《高階英語語法》(增補本第三版,杜永文編著)第373頁
0545 “regardless of the fact that” 通常當作讓步狀語從句從屬連詞短語來使用,引導讓步狀語從句,去修飾主句中的謂語動詞;意思是“不顧”、“不管” “雖然”、“不注意”。
He must make the decision regardless of the fact that you are for it or not.
不管你贊成還是反對,他都要做出決定。
He won in the game of tennis regardless of the fact that he was injured.
這場網球比賽,他雖然受傷,但還是赢了。
He went regardless of the fact that the cold wind chilled one to the bone.
不顧寒風刺骨,他還是走了。
18.notwithstanding(高階英語語法,杜永文講:介詞、副詞、從屬連詞)
notwithstanding(英漢大詞典,陸谷孫主編:雖然,結構)
notwithstanding (the fact) that (高階英語語法,杜永文)
notwithstanding the fact (that) (誇克講that可省略)
《文馨當代英漢詞典》第1263頁notwithstanding詞條
prep. 雖然,盡管(有時也放在(代)名詞之後)
notwithstanding his objecting = his objection notwithstanding盡管他反對
adv. 盡管,仍然(=nevertheless)
conj. (有時與that連用)雖然(= although)(非标準語)
《新時代英漢大詞典》張柏然主編第1590頁notwithstanding詞條
prep. 盡管,雖然
We are determined to go ahead with the project, notwithstanding the difficulties.
盡管有困難,我們還是決心繼續實施這一計劃。
Such problems notwithstanding, the competition was completed.
雖然有一些問題,比賽還是進行完了。
adv.(無比較級)盡管,還是:
It was raining; but he went out, notwithstanding。
天在下雨,但他還是出門了。
conj. 雖然,盡管:
Notwithstanding that he himself was in trouble, he helped others a great deal.
盡管他自己很困難,卻幫了别人很多忙。
19.for all (that) (後接短語或從句)
for all常後接短語,for all that常後接從句——也有人講for all (that)均可。
20.that (雖然,盡管,與as用法相同,須使用部分倒裝結構)
21.whilst(英,正式,連詞,相當于while)
22.with all (相當于in spite of結構)
23.if (即使、雖然——多用于正式文體)
24.as much as (美式英語)相當于although
——同義的though可以使用倒裝,也可不使用倒裝結構。
25.not but that (盡管,雖然;然而還是)
not but what(盡管,雖然;然而還是)
——上面兩種表達法均可視為it is not but that的省略用法,but無否定意義。
2017年6月20日
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