俄羅斯方塊是由俄羅斯程序員Alexey Pajitnov在1985年設計和編程的。

在這個遊戲中，我們有七種不同的形狀：S形，Z形，T形，L形，線形，鏡面L形，和一個方形。每一個形狀都是由四個小正方形組成的。這些形狀都是從棋盤上掉下來的。俄羅斯方塊遊戲的目的是移動和旋轉這些形狀，使它們盡可能地适合。如果我們成功地形成一排，這一排就會被銷毀，我們就會得分。我們玩俄羅斯方塊遊戲，直到我們達到頂點。

wxPython 是一個用于創建應用程序的工具包。還有一些其他的庫比如pygame是針對創建電腦遊戲的，但wxPython也可以用來創建遊戲。

開發過程

我們的俄羅斯方塊遊戲沒有圖像，我們使用wxPython中提供的繪圖API繪制俄羅斯方塊。每一個電腦遊戲的背後，都有一個數學模型。俄羅斯方塊中也是如此。

遊戲背後的一些基礎想法。

• 用wx.Timer來創建一個遊戲循環。

• 畫出不同形狀

• 形狀以方塊為單位移動（而不是以像素為單位）。

• 在數學上，棋盤是一個簡單的數字列表。

#tetris_game.py import wx import random class Tetris(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, parent): wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, size=(180, 380), style=wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE ^ wx.RESIZE_BORDER ^ wx.MAXIMIZE_BOX) self.initFrame() def initFrame(self): #狀态欄 顯示分數 self.statusbar = self.CreateStatusBar() self.statusbar.SetStatusText('0') #主board self.board = Board(self) self.board.SetFocus() self.board.start() self.SetTitle("俄羅斯方塊") self.Centre() class Board(wx.Panel): BoardWidth = 10 BoardHeight = 22 Speed = 300 ID_TIMER = 1 def __init__(self, *args, **kw): super(Board, self).__init__(*args, **kw) self.initBoard() def initBoard(self): self.timer = wx.Timer(self, Board.ID_TIMER) self.isWaitingAfterLine = False self.curPiece = Shape() self.nextPiece = Shape() self.curX = 0 self.curY = 0 self.numLinesRemoved = 0 self.board = [] self.isStarted = False self.isPaused = False self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.OnPaint) self.Bind(wx.EVT_KEY_DOWN, self.OnKeyDown) self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnTimer, id=Board.ID_TIMER) self.clearBoard() def shapeAt(self, x, y): return self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) x] def setShapeAt(self, x, y, shape): self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) x] = shape def squareWidth(self): return self.GetClientSize().GetWidth() // Board.BoardWidth def squareHeight(self): return self.GetClientSize().GetHeight() // Board.BoardHeight def start(self): if self.isPaused: return self.isStarted = True self.isWaitingAfterLine = False self.numLinesRemoved = 0 self.clearBoard() self.newPiece() self.timer.Start(Board.Speed) def pause(self): if not self.isStarted: return self.isPaused = not self.isPaused statusbar = self.GetParent().statusbar if self.isPaused: self.timer.Stop() statusbar.SetStatusText('paused') else: self.timer.Start(Board.Speed) statusbar.SetStatusText(str(self.numLinesRemoved)) self.Refresh() def clearBoard(self): for i in range(Board.BoardHeight * Board.BoardWidth): self.board.append(Tetrominoes.NoShape) def OnPaint(self, event): dc = wx.PaintDC(self) size = self.GetClientSize() boardTop = size.GetHeight() - Board.BoardHeight * self.squareHeight() for i in range(Board.BoardHeight): for j in range(Board.BoardWidth): shape = self.shapeAt(j, Board.BoardHeight - i - 1) if shape != Tetrominoes.NoShape: self.drawSquare(dc, 0 j * self.squareWidth(), boardTop i * self.squareHeight(), shape) if self.curPiece.shape() != Tetrominoes.NoShape: for i in range(4): x = self.curX self.curPiece.x(i) y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i) self.drawSquare(dc, 0 x * self.squareWidth(), boardTop (Board.BoardHeight - y - 1) * self.squareHeight(), self.curPiece.shape()) def OnKeyDown(self, event): if not self.isStarted or self.curPiece.shape() == Tetrominoes.NoShape: event.Skip() return keycode = event.GetKeyCode() if keycode == ord('P') or keycode == ord('p'): self.pause() return if self.isPaused: return elif keycode == wx.WXK_LEFT: self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX - 1, self.curY) elif keycode == wx.WXK_RIGHT: self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX 1, self.curY) elif keycode == wx.WXK_DOWN: self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotatedRight(), self.curX, self.curY) elif keycode == wx.WXK_UP: self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotatedLeft(), self.curX, self.curY) elif keycode == wx.WXK_SPACE: self.dropDown() elif keycode == ord('D') or keycode == ord('d'): self.oneLineDown() else: event.Skip() def OnTimer(self, event): if event.GetId() == Board.ID_TIMER: if self.isWaitingAfterLine: self.isWaitingAfterLine = False self.newPiece() else: self.oneLineDown() else: event.Skip() def dropDown(self): newY = self.curY while newY > 0: if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, newY - 1): break newY -= 1 self.pieceDropped() def oneLineDown(self): if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY - 1): self.pieceDropped() def pieceDropped(self): for i in range(4): x = self.curX self.curPiece.x(i) y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i) self.setShapeAt(x, y, self.curPiece.shape()) self.removeFullLines() if not self.isWaitingAfterLine: self.newPiece() def removeFullLines(self): numFullLines = 0 statusbar = self.GetParent().statusbar rowsToRemove = [] for i in range(Board.BoardHeight): n = 0 for j in range(Board.BoardWidth): if not self.shapeAt(j, i) == Tetrominoes.NoShape: n = n 1 if n == 10: rowsToRemove.append(i) rowsToRemove.reverse() for m in rowsToRemove: for k in range(m, Board.BoardHeight): for l in range(Board.BoardWidth): self.setShapeAt(l, k, self.shapeAt(l, k 1)) numFullLines = numFullLines len(rowsToRemove) if numFullLines > 0: self.numLinesRemoved = self.numLinesRemoved numFullLines statusbar.SetStatusText(str(self.numLinesRemoved)) self.isWaitingAfterLine = True self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoes.NoShape) self.Refresh() def newPiece(self): self.curPiece = self.nextPiece statusbar = self.GetParent().statusbar self.nextPiece.setRandomShape() self.curX = Board.BoardWidth // 2 1 self.curY = Board.BoardHeight - 1 self.curPiece.minY() if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY): self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoes.NoShape) self.timer.Stop() self.isStarted = False statusbar.SetStatusText('Game over') def tryMove(self, newPiece, newX, newY): for i in range(4): x = newX newPiece.x(i) y = newY - newPiece.y(i) if x < 0 or x >= Board.BoardWidth or y < 0 or y >= Board.BoardHeight: return False if self.shapeAt(x, y) != Tetrominoes.NoShape: return False self.curPiece = newPiece self.curX = newX self.curY = newY self.Refresh() return True def drawSquare(self, dc, x, y, shape): colors = ['#000000', '#CC6666', '#66CC66', '#6666CC', '#CCCC66', '#CC66CC', '#66CCCC', '#DAAA00'] light = ['#000000', '#F89FAB', '#79FC79', '#7979FC', '#FCFC79', '#FC79FC', '#79FCFC', '#FCC600'] dark = ['#000000', '#803C3B', '#3B803B', '#3B3B80', '#80803B', '#803B80', '#3B8080', '#806200'] pen = wx.Pen(light[shape]) pen.SetCap(wx.CAP_PROJECTING) dc.SetPen(pen) dc.DrawLine(x, y self.squareHeight() - 1, x, y) dc.DrawLine(x, y, x self.squareWidth() - 1, y) darkpen = wx.Pen(dark[shape]) darkpen.SetCap(wx.CAP_PROJECTING) dc.SetPen(darkpen) dc.DrawLine(x 1, y self.squareHeight() - 1, x self.squareWidth() - 1, y self.squareHeight() - 1) dc.DrawLine(x self.squareWidth() - 1, y self.squareHeight() - 1, x self.squareWidth() - 1, y 1) dc.SetPen(wx.TRANSPARENT_PEN) dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush(colors[shape])) dc.DrawRectangle(x 1, y 1, self.squareWidth() - 2, self.squareHeight() - 2) class Tetrominoes(object): NoShape = 0 ZShape = 1 SShape = 2 LineShape = 3 TShape = 4 SquareShape = 5 LShape = 6 MirroredLShape = 7 class Shape(object): coordsTable = ( ((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0)), ((0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, 1)), ((0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1)), ((0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)), ((-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1)), ((0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1)), ((-1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1)), ((1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1)) ) def __init__(self): self.coords = [[0,0] for i in range(4)] self.pieceShape = Tetrominoes.NoShape self.setShape(Tetrominoes.NoShape) def shape(self): return self.pieceShape def setShape(self, shape): table = Shape.coordsTable[shape] for i in range(4): for j in range(2): self.coords[i][j] = table[i][j] self.pieceShape = shape def setRandomShape(self): self.setShape(random.randint(1, 7)) def x(self, index): return self.coords[index][0] def y(self, index): return self.coords[index][1] def setX(self, index, x): self.coords[index][0] = x def setY(self, index, y): self.coords[index][1] = y def minX(self): m = self.coords[0][0] for i in range(4): m = min(m, self.coords[i][0]) return m def maxX(self): m = self.coords[0][0] for i in range(4): m = max(m, self.coords[i][0]) return m def minY(self): m = self.coords[0][1] for i in range(4): m = min(m, self.coords[i][1]) return m def maxY(self): m = self.coords[0][1] for i in range(4): m = max(m, self.coords[i][1]) return m def rotatedLeft(self): if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoes.SquareShape: return self result = Shape() result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape for i in range(4): result.setX(i, self.y(i)) result.setY(i, -self.x(i)) return result def rotatedRight(self): if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoes.SquareShape: return self result = Shape() result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape for i in range(4): result.setX(i, -self.y(i)) result.setY(i, self.x(i)) return result def main(): app = wx.App() ex = Tetris(None) ex.Show() app.MainLoop() if __name__ == '__main__': main()

應用程序啟動後，立即開始。我們可以通過按p鍵來暫停遊戲。空格鍵會将掉落的俄羅斯方塊立即掉到底部。d鍵則會使棋子加速下落。方向下鍵會旋轉形狀。遊戲以恒定的速度進行,分數是我們删除的排數。

... self.curX = 0 self.curY = 0 self.numLinesRemoved = 0 self.board = [] ...

在開始遊戲循環之前，我們先初始化一些重要的變量。self.board變量是一個從0到7的數字列表。它代表各種形狀的位置和形狀在棋盤上的遺迹。

for i in range(Board.BoardHeight): for j in range(Board.BoardWidth): shape = self.shapeAt(j, Board.BoardHeight - i - 1) if shape != Tetrominoes.NoShape: self.drawSquare(dc, 0 j * self.squareWidth(), boardTop i * self.squareHeight(), shape)

遊戲的繪畫分為兩個步驟。第一步，我們畫出所有的形狀，或者是掉到棋盤底部的形狀。所有的方塊都被保存在self.board列表變量中。我們使用shapeAt()方法訪問它。

if self.curPiece.shape() != Tetrominoes.NoShape: for i in range(4): x = self.curX self.curPiece.x(i) y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i) self.drawSquare(dc, 0 x * self.squareWidth(), boardTop (Board.BoardHeight - y - 1) * self.squareHeight(), self.curPiece.shape())

下一步是畫出落下的實際作品。

elif keycode == wx.WXK_LEFT: self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX - 1, self.curY)

在OnKeyDown()方法中，我們檢查是否有按鍵被按下。如果按了左邊的方向鍵，就會嘗試将棋子向左移動。tryMove是因為棋子可能無法移動(邊界上)。

def tryMove(self, newPiece, newX, newY): for i in range(4): x = newX newPiece.x(i) y = newY - newPiece.y(i) if x < 0 or x >= Board.BoardWidth or y < 0 or y >= Board.BoardHeight: return False if self.shapeAt(x, y) != Tetrominoes.NoShape: return False self.curPiece = newPiece self.curX = newX self.curY = newY self.Refresh() return True

在tryMove()方法中，我們嘗試移動我們的形狀。如果形狀在棋盤的邊緣或與其他棋子相鄰，我們返回 "False"；否則我們将當前下落的棋子放置到新的位置并返回 "True"。

def OnTimer(self, event): if event.GetId() == Board.ID_TIMER: if self.isWaitingAfterLine: self.isWaitingAfterLine = False self.newPiece() else: self.oneLineDown() else: event.Skip()

在OnTimer()方法中，我們要麼在前一個棋子落到底部後，創建一個新的棋子，要麼将落下的棋子向下移動一行。

def removeFullLines(self): numFullLines = 0 rowsToRemove = [] for i in range(Board.BoardHeight): n = 0 for j in range(Board.BoardWidth): if not self.shapeAt(j, i) == Tetrominoes.NoShape: n = n 1 if n == 10: rowsToRemove.append(i) rowsToRemove.reverse() for m in rowsToRemove: for k in range(m, Board.BoardHeight): for l in range(Board.BoardWidth): self.setShapeAt(l, k, self.shapeAt(l, k 1)) ...

如果形狀到達底部，就調用removeFullLines()方法。首先我們找出所有的滿行，并将其删除。我們的做法是将當前要删除的滿行之上的所有行向下移動一行。

def newPiece(self): self.curPiece = self.nextPiece statusbar = self.GetParent().statusbar self.nextPiece.setRandomShape() self.curX = Board.BoardWidth / 2 1 self.curY = Board.BoardHeight - 1 self.curPiece.minY() if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY): self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoes.NoShape) self.timer.Stop() self.isStarted = False statusbar.SetStatusText('Game over')

newPiece()方法随機創建一個新的俄羅斯方塊。如果這個棋子不能進入它的初始位置，遊戲就結束了。

Shape類保存了俄羅斯方塊的信息。

self.coords = [[0,0] for i in range(4)]

創建後我們創建一個空的坐标列表。該列表将保存俄羅斯方塊片的坐标。例如，元組(0，-1)，(0，0)，(-1，0)，(-1，-1)代表一個旋轉的S形。下圖說明了這個形狀。

當畫出當前落下的棋子時，我們在self.curX和self.curY位置畫出它。然後我們看坐标表，把四個方塊都畫出來。

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