新概念英語第三冊Lesson15重點詞彙句型語法難句解析課文及翻譯

　　Lesson 15 Fifty pence worth of trouble 五十便士的麻煩

　　Lesson 15 Fifty pence worth of trouble 五十便士的麻煩

　　一、重點詞彙、短語拓展解析New words and expressions appreciate v. 欣賞，感激，pocket money 零用錢，rattle v. 格格作響，thrifty adj. 節儉的，nephew n. 侄子，外甥，bounce v. 彈起，跳起，pavement n. 人行道，stick ( stuck, stuck ) v. 卡住，夾住，不能再動，brigade n. 旅， （消防）隊，grease n. 潤滑油

　　1.exchange v.交換；兌換 n.交換；交易所；兌換；交戰exchange v.交換；兌換 n.交換；交易所；兌換；交戰 We exchanged addresses. 我們交換了地址。

　　We exchanged Christmas cards.我們互送聖誕賀卡。

　　They exchanged glances.他們互相掃了一眼。

　　Miss Gan and I exchanged smiles.甘小姐和我相視一笑。

　　The two men exchanged greetings.他們兩人互相打招呼。

　　We exchanged a few words.我們互相聊了幾句。

　　exchanges for: 換取，以......來交換

　　If the car you have bought is unsatisfactory, you can exchange it for another. 如果您對租用的車輛不滿意，可以換一輛。

　　I exchanged the book for a pen made in China. 我用書換了一中國制造的鋼支筆。

　　Unwanted gifts were exchanged for more desirable ones.人們把不想要的禮品換成了自己喜歡的東西。

　　The little girl exchanged her pen for candy.

　　exchange sth With sb exchange smile, look, greetings ’ 同某人交換… He exchanged a quick smile with her, and then entered the lift.他與她匆匆相視一笑，然後進入電梯。

　　He exchanged nods with Ma Yun. 他和馬雲互相點頭緻意。

　　He exchanged blows with a young man. 他和一個年輕人互毆起來。

　　He wants to exchange his house, perhaps with a family trying to leave Guangzhou.他想和别人換房子，也許會和一家想要離開廣州的人家交換。

　　2. rattle v. 格格作響 3. thrifty adj. 節儉的

　　同義詞：economical

　　4. bounce v. 彈起，跳起 The coin was bounced.

　　同義詞：jump (跳躍)， leap (躍)， hop (單足跳)， spring (彈跳；n. 彈簧)， skip (跳躍；略過)

　　5. stick ( stuck, stuck ) v. 卡住，夾住，不能再動 stick:不能跳躍，卡住；堅持，粘貼

　　You must stick to your idea.

　　Stick the stamp on the envelop.

　　stick with:忠實于...... （=be faithful to ）

　　His arm was stuck. 他的胳膊被卡住了。

　　6. brigade n. 旅， （消防）隊 fire brigade: 消防隊

　　= fire department

　　= fire station

　　7.appreciate v. 欣賞，感激 The poem is too difficult for me to appreciate.

　　I appreciate your help. = be thankful / grateful to sb.

　　二、課文重點句型語法分析及翻譯Lesson15 Fifty pence worth of trouble 1. Children always appreciate small gifts of money. Father, of course, provides a regular supply of pocket-money, but uncles and aunts are always a source of extra income. 孩子們總是喜歡得到一些零花錢。爸爸媽媽當然經常給孩子零花錢，但是，叔舅嬸姨也是孩子們額外收入來源。

　　1. appreciate的基本詞義是：欣賞，感激等。特别注意: 這個詞賓語是物，不可以接人作賓語。 (1) 欣賞: He really appreciates fine furniture. 他懂得欣賞好的家具。

　　(2) 感激: We appreciate all the help you gave us. 我們感激你給我們的幫助。

　　本句中，引申為：喜歡=enjoy, 翻譯作：孩子們總是喜歡得到些零花錢。

　　Tip: 很多時候，詞語的意思要根據上下文聯系來判斷。

　　2. provide a regular supply of …定期地提供…… provide sth. for sb./ provide sb. with sth. 為某人提供某物品

　　The villagers provided a regular supply of food for the soldiers.

　　=The villagers provided the soldiers with a regular supply of food.

　　零用錢的幾種表達法：extra income, small gifts of money, pocket money

　　作者在文中三處用了不同的零用錢表達法，為的是讓讀者抓住主題，TIP:寫作時避免使用同樣的詞。

　　2. With some children, small sums go a long way. If six pences are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside money-boxes. 對于有些孩子來說，少量的錢可以花很長一段時間。如果六便士不拿來換糖吃，則可以放在儲蓄罐裡叮當響上好幾月。介詞With和For的區别：“對于……來說”介詞for----“關于，對于……來說，考慮到……的事實” The weather is quite warm for November.

　　For him, this will be an entirely new hobby.

　　介詞with----“在某一方面”（多用于二者的比較） With some people, pleasure is more important than work.

　　With frugal housewives, they made their small income go a long way.

　　Some people may accept that excuse, but it won’t work with me.

　　With other children, small sums can’t go a long way.

　　go a long way 維持很久 The money we have will go a long way.

　　go a long way towards: 對……大有幫助 This will go a long way towards overcoming the difficulty.(overcome: 戰勝，克服)

　　介詞With和For作“對于……來說”的區别： A. 介詞for----“關于，對于……來說，考慮到……的事實”

　　The weather is quite warm for November. 對十一月來說，這兒的天氣很暖和了。

　　For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. 對他來說，這是全新的愛好。

　　B. 介詞with----“在某一方面”（多用于二者的比較）

　　With some people, pleasure is more important than work. 對有些人來說，享樂比工作重要。

　　Some people may accept that excuse, but it won’t work with me. 有些人可能會接受那樣的借口，但是我絕對不容許。

　　piece 這裡是硬币的意思，等于：coin

　　pence: 便士 （penny 便士的複數：pence）

　　a fifty pence: 一個五十便士的硬币

　　a fifty penies: 五十個一便士的硬币

　　總結一些常見的拟聲詞 rattle: 叮當作響 ==tinkle，這裡引申為：存放（keep）,用了拟聲詞，使句子很生動。

　　The milk bottles rattled in the crate.牛奶瓶在闆條箱裡發出咣當咣當的碰撞聲。

　　( move noisily ) 隆隆地行進；哐啷哐啷地移動

　　The bus rattled into a dusty village.那輛公共汽車哐啷哐啷地駛入一個塵土彌漫的村莊。

　　The train rattled along at about 30 mph.火車以大約每小時30英裡的速度隆隆地向前行駛。

　　roar:呼嘯（重點突出老虎、獅子等大動物的鳴叫聲）The car roared by me. 車子呼嘯着從我身邊飛馳過。

　　shout at: 大喊大叫 = bark at，grunt 豬的呼噜聲，咕嘟地說着，He is grunting. 咕哝的，哼哼唧唧的

　　slam: 砰的一聲：She went out, slamming the door behind her.

　　她走了出去，砰的一聲關上門。

　　3. Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money-box. For most of them, sixpence is a small price to pay for a satisfying bar of chocolate.但是能把儲蓄罐裝滿的隻有屈指可數的幾個特别節儉的孩子。對大部分孩子來說，用50便士來買一大塊好的巧克力，是算不了什麼的。fill up: 裝滿 Potatoes fill us up without overloading us with calories. 土豆容易使我們産生飽腹感，使我們不攝入過多的卡路裡。

　　The waitress kept filling up everyone’s glass with wine. 服務員把每個人的杯子都斟滿酒。

　　1．up ----表示方向

　　to----目的地、說話者所在處

　　up to ----表示到達目的地

　　towards----表示朝某個方向

　　2．表示沿着，走向更遠的地方，從鄉下去城市，從位置較低的地方去高的地方，側重強調距離更遠了

　　They walked up the street.

　　The children run up the garden path to greet their father.

　　3. 系列動詞 up ---- 表示消費，摧毀，徹底，光，用完

　　burn up

　　eat up

　　use up 用光

　　Drink up your whisky.

　　Eat up your vegetable.

　　Finish it up.

　　4． 表示積存，從少到多，積少成多

　　We must lay up some boiled food for the winter.

　　= store up, hold up, gather up

　　5．表示從河的上遊到下遊，河流入口處以上到源頭的某一點

　　They are sailing up the Thames.

　　The house is up the river.

　　6．動詞 up ----表示包起來、封住、蓋住

　　button up 扣上鈕扣

　　wrap up 包裹起來

　　lock up 鎖上 lock the house up

　　fasten up 栓起來

　　save up 賺錢

　　wash up 洗碗盆

　　do up 包紮，包裝，系好

　　price (1)價格：a price tag 價簽，（2）Pay the price for sth.為某事付出代價

　　For him, two thousand dollars is a small price to pay for it. 對他而言，花2000美元買來那件東西，是算不了什麼的。

　　4. My nephew, George, has a money-box but it is always empty. Very few of the sixpences I have given him have found their way there. 我的外甥喬治有一個儲蓄罐，但總是空空的。我給了不少50便士的硬币，但沒有幾個存到儲蓄罐裡。find their way there = reach 抵達，到達， 找到自己的去處 Rivers find their way to the sea.

　　After a while I pulled myself to my feet and found my way to the street.過了一會兒我站起身來，走到了大街上。

　　Sarah found her way to the hotel all right, but she couldnt then find her way back home.薩拉順利地來到飯店，可是後來卻找不到回家的路了。

　　How did such a foolish statement find its way into print? 這樣愚蠢的話怎麼會印出來呢。

　　類似的短語：

　　find ones way out 尋找解決方法find ones way to v. 到達find ones way 找到路 認得路out of ones way 遠離某人所走的路,不順道find ones way down the stairs 下樓梯find ones way through 穿過,通過,擠過go out of ones way 特意,專門 不怕麻煩，盡力地get … out of ones way 把…從某人面前搬開;不使…妨礙某人carve out ones way v. 開辟道路get ... out of ones way 把…從某人面前搬開,不使…妨礙某人5. I gave him sixpence yesterday and advised him to save it. Instead, he bought himself sixpence worth of trouble. 昨天，我給了他50便士讓存起來，卻拿這錢給自己買了50便士的麻煩。 advise: 建議

　　advise sb. to do sth. : 建議某人做某事（結果在所不問）

　　persuade sb. to do sth.: 說服某人做某事（說服成功）

　　instead相反的是,表示句子間的邏輯關系。

　　fifty pence worth of trouble: 五十便士的麻煩

　　6. On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his sixpence and it rolled along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain. 在他去糖果店的路上，50便士掉在地上，在人行道上跳了幾下，掉進了陰溝裡。drop vt.& vi. （使）落下；投下；（使）降低；減少 vt. 放棄；停止；（故意）降下；垂下（眼睛）

　　第三人稱單數現在時：drops，現在分詞：dropping，過去分詞：dropped，過去時：dropped

　　由drop構成的習慣用語 1. at the drop of a hat毫不遲疑地；馬上；随時

　　Its a joy being able to whip up a delicious meal at the drop of a hat.能夠立即做出一頓美食是一件樂事。

　　2. a drop in the ocean | a drop in the bucket九牛一毛；滄海一粟

　　Even this is a drop in the ocean compared to the sums wasted on promotion.跟浪費在宣傳上的錢相比，這也隻算是滄海一粟。

　　3. to have the drop on sb 比某人占優勢；勝過某人；占某人上風

　　There arent too many events in which Sweden has the drop on America, but this is one of them.瑞典強于美國的比賽項目不多，但這個是其中之一。

　　4. to have had a drop too much 喝醉了；喝多了

　　He had had a drop too much of the hard stuff. 他喝了太多烈酒，醉了。

　　7. George took off his jacket, rolled up his sleeves and pushed his right arm through the drain cover. 喬治脫掉外套，卷起袖子，将右胳膊伸進了陰溝蓋。 take off, rolled up, push這一系列的動詞構成a, b and c的平行結構，很形象地描述了事件的發展，很有連貫性。

　　roll vi. 滾動； vt. 滾動

　　The pencil rolled under the table.

　　He rolled the ball towards the puppy.

　　roll up:卷起，挽起

　　We will need to roll up the carpet.

　　8. He could not find his sixpence anywhere, and what is more, he could not get his arm out. 但他摸了半天也沒找到那50便士硬币，他的胳膊反倒退不出來了。 what引導的插入語

　　what is more important 更重要的是

　　what is worse 更糟糕的是

　　what is more 更甚者

　　what is rare 更罕見的是

　　9. A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter, but George was firmly stuck. 這時在他周圍上了許多人，一位女士在喬治胳膊上抹了肥皂，黃油，但喬治的胳膊仍然卡得緊緊的。 gather round 聚在周圍

　　rub his arm with sth. ... 用......塗抹他的手臂

　　firmly:堅定的，穩固的（加強語氣）

　　be stuck 陷在（地方），動不了

　　動詞原形是：stick，過去式及過去分詞均是：stuck

　　His car was stuck in the mud. 他的車陷在泥裡了。

　　10. The fire-brigade was called and two firemen freed George using a special type of grease. 有人打電話叫來消防隊，兩位消防隊員使用了一種特殊的潤滑劑才使喬治得以解脫。 free

　　v.釋放；使自由；使擺脫；解除；使可用于(某目的)

　　adj.自由的；免費的；暢通的；沒有…的；未使用的；空閑的；随意的

　　adv.免費地；自由地

　　習慣用語 to make free with sb/sth随意使用…；對…放肆無禮

　　They are making free with your property.他們在随意處置你的财産。

　　British soldiers were making free with French women.英國士兵對待法國女性放肆無禮。

　　11. George was not too upset by his experience because the lady who owns the sweet shop heard about his troubles and rewarded him with a large box of chocolates. 不過，此事并沒使喬治過于傷心，因為糖果店老闆娘聽說了他遇到的麻煩後，賞給他一大盒巧克力。rewarded him with a large box of chocolates.賞給他一大盒巧克力 The link between performance and reward continues to increase.業績和酬勞之間的聯系越來越緊密。

　　Current employment laws will be changed to reward effort and punish laziness.

　　You deserve a reward for being so helpful. 你幫了這麼大的忙，理應受到獎勵。

　　Winning the match was just reward for the effort the team had made. 赢得比賽的勝利是全隊付出努力應得的回報。

　　reward構成的固定短語reward for 因…的酬謝；作為…的回報as a reward for 作為…的報酬；作為…的回報reward system 獎賞系統；獎勵系統reward with 獎賞.offer a reward 懸賞in reward for 作為報答；作為…的報酬in reward of 作為獎勵；為酬答…

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