一、語塊4.2 副詞形副動或句
慎重考慮後将“連詞和從句語塊、名詞語塊、詞尾詞綴語塊、形副語塊”分别重新定名為:連詞和從句語塊、限定詞語塊、詞尾詞綴語塊、詞性語塊;每個語塊中的下級思路加序号編排,如昨天我們讨論了詞性語塊:形定副狀名主賓中的4.1 形容詞做定表補,今天我們讨論“詞性語塊4.2 副詞形副動或句”。
(二)副詞形副動或句
副詞(adverb),縮寫ad.,是修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞以及句子的詞類。“二類八詞定點法”将副詞用法的考查點歸納為如下口訣:
副詞形副動和句: 副詞通常修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞以及句子。
思考題:
1. 副詞可以分為哪三大類? 2. 形容詞 -ly構成副詞有哪6種規則?
3. 運用 -ly構成的副詞時要注意哪3個問題?
副詞(adverb),縮寫ad.,是修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞或者句子的詞類。
例如:He knows English very well. (修飾副詞)
Tom knows exactly how to please his father. (修飾動詞)
Mary didn’t go to the cinema. She went to the concert instead. (修飾整個句子)
少數副詞可以修飾名詞:
It took us quite some time. Marie is rather a dear. the next up train; the now generation;
a year before; four days after(wards); people there, the situation here; …
1.副詞的構成形式
1) 有的副詞是獨自的形式,如:well, soon, seldom, never, even, then,…;
2) 有的副詞形容詞、副詞同形,如:fast, early, late, straight, …;
We had an early breakfast. We had breakfast early.
They caught the fast train. They missed the train which runs too fast.
3)大多數副詞由形容詞加後綴-ly構成,其詞根有個别變化,詳見下表:
2. -ly結尾的副詞相關問題
1)有的加-ly的副詞與同根形容詞的意思不同:
near 附近 nearly 幾乎; hard 艱難,艱苦 hardly 幾乎不;
just 剛好,恰好 justly 公正地; bad 壞的, badly 非常;
late 遲,晚, lately 最新的,最近的
2)有的加-ly的詞是形容詞(多是名詞加-ly),
如:costly, brotherly, fatherly, friendly, lovely, womanly,…
(也的其它詞類加-ly的):deadly, elderly, likely, lively, lonely, elderly…
3)有的副詞有與形容詞同形和加-ly兩種形式,與形容詞同形的副詞表示狀态、結果,相當于漢語的“得”;加-ly的副詞強調動作,相當于漢語的“地”,如:
Li Ping jumps higher than I (do). 跳得比我高
The visitors thought highly of our progress. 高度地贊揚
open one’s mouth wide 張得大 English is widely used in the world. 廣泛地運用
Charlie, wash the dishes cleanly. 要洗幹淨(幹淨地洗)
Oh, the dishes are washed clean. 洗得幹淨
同類的副詞有easy, easily; right, rightly; slow, slowly;…
二、《高考詞彙音形義性用法》詞彙學習26
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