PRIS comes from Old French pris "taken",(prehend t-> prehens -> pris ) 來源: 古法語pris<-Latin prensio <- prehensus <- prehendere(其過去分詞), 所以PRIS來源于Latin詞根prehend/prehens"to seize抓住" prehend/prehens: pre(before) hens/hend(to seize,taake, From PIE root *ghend-"to seize, take").

PRIS思維導圖

PRIS相關的單詞:

comprise [kəm'praɪz] vt. 包含；由…組成 CET4 TEM4 IELTS 考研 TOEFL CET6

[拆] com(together) pris(to seize抓住) e -> to seize all together -> 全抓在一起 -> 全部包含; 由...組成

詞源:

• comprise (v.)
• early 15c., "to include," from Old French compris, past participle of comprendre "to contain, comprise" (12c.), from Latin comprehendere (see comprehend). Related: Comprised; comprising.

●e.g.

This authology comprises samples from the work of ten authors. 這本文選包含了十個作家的作品範例.

apprise [ə'praɪz] vt. 通知；報告 GRE

[拆] ap(ad: to) pris(to seize) -> to seize(去抓住, 領悟) -> to make aware, to inform -> 通知; 報告

詞源:

• apprise (v.)
• "to notify," 1690s, from French appris, past participle of apprendre "to inform, teach," literally "to lay hold of (in the mind)," another metaphoric meaning of Latin apprehendere (see apprehend). Related: Apprised; apprising.

●常用短語

apprise sb of sth 告知

●e.g.

Keep me apprised of your progress. 及時告知我事情的進展.

enterprise ['ɛntɚ'praɪz] n. 企業；事業；進取心；事業心 CET4 TEM4 IELTS 考研 TOEFL CET6

[拆] enter(between) pris(to take) e -> to take chances between risks在風險中抓住機會 -> 有進取心; 冒險精神(企業; 事業 都需要具有進取心和冒險精神)

詞源:

• enterprise (n.)
• early 15c., "an undertaking," formerly also enterprize, from Old French enterprise "an undertaking," noun use of fem. past participle of entreprendre "undertake, take in hand" (12c.), from entre- "between" (see entre-) prendre "to take," contraction of prehendere (see prehensile). Abstract sense of "adventurous disposition, readiness to undertake challenges, spirit of daring" is from late 15c.

●拓展

enterprising adj. 有事業心的；有進取心的；有魄力的；有膽量的 TOEFL

●e.g.

Within a free enterprise capitalist society, resources are very unevenly distributed. 在自由企業式的資本主義社會裡，資源分配極不均衡

reprisal [rɪ'praɪzl] n. 報複（行為）；報複性劫掠 CET6 TEM8 GRE

[拆] re(back) pris(take) al(n後綴)-> to take back抓回來 -> 報複行為

詞源:

• reprisal (n.)
• early 15c., "seizing property or citizens of another nation in retaliation for loss inflicted on one's own," from Anglo-French reprisaille (14c.), from Old French reprisaille (Modern French représaille), from early Italian ripresaglia, from ripreso, past participle of riprendere "take back," from Latin reprendere, earlier reprehendere (see reprehend). General sense of "retaliation" is from 1710.

●e.g.

First the president submitted his administration's muddled case for reprisals to a vote in a hostile Congress. 首先, 總統像充滿敵意的國會提交了他糊塗的議案意在報複.

imprison [ɪm'prɪzn] vt. 監禁；關押；使…下獄 CET6 TEM4 CET4 IELTS

[拆] in(in) prison(prison監獄)-> 關在監獄裡面 -> 關進; 關押

詞源:

• imprison (v.)
• c. 1300, from Old French emprisoner (12c.), from em- "in" (see in- (2)) prison (see prison). Related: Imprisoned; imprisoning.

●拓展

imprisonment [ɪm'prɪznmənt] n. 監禁，關押；坐牢；下獄 TEM4 TOEFL

one year's imprisonment 一年監禁

prison ['prɪzn] n. 監獄；監禁；拘留所 vt. 監禁，關押 CET4 TEM4 考研 CET6

[拆] prison <- pridtion (dt -> s) prid tion -> tion表示the result of an action -> 抓住的結果: 進監獄 -> 監獄

詞源:

• prison (n.)
• early 12c., from Old French prisoun "captivity, imprisonment; prison; prisoner, captive" (11c., Modern French prison), altered (by influence of pris "taken;" see prize (n.2)) from earlier preson, from Vulgar Latin *presionem, from Latin prensionem (nominative prensio), shortening of prehensionem (nominative *prehensio) "a taking," noun of action from past participle stem of prehendere "to take" (see prehensile). "Captivity," hence by extension "a place for captives," the main modern sense.
• prison (v.)
• "to imprison," early 14c., from prison (n.) or Old French prisoner (v.). Related: Prisoned; prisoning.

●拓展:

prisoner ['prɪznɚ] n. 囚犯，犯人；俘虜；刑事被告

●e.g.

prison breaking 越獄 be released from prison被從監獄釋放

prisoner of conscience 政治犯

prisoner of war 戰俘(簡稱 P.O.W)

surprise [sɚ'praɪz] n. 驚奇，詫異；突然襲擊 vt. 使驚奇；奇襲 adj. 令人驚訝的 CET4 TEM4 考研 CET6

[拆] sur(super: over) pris(to seize) e -> 從上面抓住(老鷹抓蛇, 突然襲擊) -> 蛇當然措手不及 -> 使措手不及; 驚訝; 突然襲擊

詞源:

• surprise (n.)
• also formerly surprize, late 14c., "unexpected attack or capture," from Old French surprise "a taking unawares" (13c.), from noun use of past participle of Old French sorprendre "to overtake, seize, invade" (12c.), from sur- "over" (see sur- (1)) prendre "to take," from Latin prendere, contracted from prehendere "to grasp, seize" (see prehensile). Meaning "something unexpected" first recorded 1590s, that of "feeling of astonishment caused by something unexpected" is c. 1600. Meaning "fancy dish" is attested from 1708.
• surprise (v.)
• also formerly surprize, late 14c., "overcome, overpower" (of emotions), from the noun or from Anglo-French surprise, fem. past participle of Old French surprendre (see surprise (n.)). Meaning "come upon unexpectedly" is from 1590s; that of "strike with astonishment" is 1650s.

●拓展

surprising [sɚ'praɪzɪŋ] adj. 令人驚訝的；意外的

每日 · 一句

Love is eternal, hand in hand, life becomes everlasting.

愛是永恒的, 手牽着手, 生活變得無止境。

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