英語賓語從句語法知識?一.定義:在複合句中,用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句,下面我們就來說一說關于英語賓語從句語法知識?我們一起去了解并探讨一下這個問題吧!
一.定義:
在複合句中,用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。
二.構成:
關聯詞 簡單句
三.賓語從句的三種基本形式:
1.從屬連詞that引導
that無詞義,不充當句子成分,可省略。
如:He told me (that) he was ill.他告訴我他生病了。
注意:以下情況that不能省略
①主句的謂語動詞連接多個賓語從句時,第一個that可以省略,而其他的that不能省略。
如:I think (that) it will be sunny tomorrow and that we will go shopping.我認為明天是晴天,我們将去購物。
②that 引導的賓語從句作介詞賓語時,that不能省略。
如:I know nothing about her except she is a teacher.我對她一無所知,隻知道她是個老師。
③that引導的賓語從句和主句的謂語動詞之間有插入語時,that不能省略。
如:I remembered,first of all,that I lost my USB.我記起來了,尤其重要的是,我弄丢了優盤。
④that 從句位于句首時,that不可省略。
如:That he ever did such a thing I simply don't believe.我簡直不相信他做了這樣的事。
⑤當賓語從句的主語是his,that或有his和that修飾時。
如:Lucy that me that that was why she was late.露西告訴我那就是她遲到的原因。
2.從屬連詞if/whether引導
一般情況下可以相互替換,在口語中多用if,不充當句子成分,有具體的含義“是否”。
如:I don't know if you can help me.我不知道你能否幫助我。
I doubt whether he will get there on time.我懷疑他能否準時到那兒。
注意:以下情況隻能用whether不可用if
①與or not 連用
如:I wonder whether it is true or not.我想知道它是真是假。
②在介詞後
如:It depends on whether it is going to rain.它取決于是否天會下雨。
③在不定式前
如:Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.是否去那兒還沒有決定下來。
④if 引導的賓語從句如果會引起歧義,應避免用if而用whether
如:Please let me know if you want to go.
Please let me know whether you want to go.
3.連接代詞或連接副詞引導
連接代詞:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever
連接副詞:where,when,how,why
在句中充當句子成分,不可省略。
如:You can do what you want.你可以做你想做的。
I don't know whose box this is.我不知道這是誰的盒子。
四.賓語從句的其他用法
1.it作形式賓語代替賓語從句
I think it necessary that we take enough water every day.我認為每天喝足夠的水是必要的。
We take it for granted that we should go to work on time.我們把按時上班視為理所當然。
2.某些形容詞或過去分詞後加賓語從句
如:aware,certain,afraid,pleased,satisfied,glad,proud......
I'm sorry that I've made a mistake.
3.賓語從句的否定轉移
若主句謂語動詞有think,consider,believe,suppose,expect,guess,imagine等,其後的賓語從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上,從句謂語用肯定式。
I don't think you are right.我認為你不對。
4.賓語從句的語序
賓語從句要用陳述句語序。
Can you tell me what they are doing?(√)
Can you tell me what are they doing?(x)
5.賓語從句的簡化
I don't know what I can do.=I don't know what to do.
Tom hopes that he will be back soon.=Tom hopes to be back soon.
Could you tell me how I can get there?=Could you tell me how to get there?
6.賓語從句的時态
①主句是一般現在時,從句可根據需要選擇相應的任何時态。
I don't know when he will come back.
He says that he went to Beijing last month.
②主句是一般過去時,從句要用相應的過去時态。
He said that he went to Beijing last month.
③如果賓語從句表示的是客觀事實,普遍真理,自然現象,習慣性動作等,不管主句是什麼時态,從句都用一般現在時。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說,地球繞着太陽轉。
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